Fiscal externalities and underinvestment in early-life human capital: Optimal policy instruments for a developing country.

We study policy instruments to correct inefficiently low investment in maternal nutrition in India, where one-fifth of all births occur. We focus on fiscal externalities: healthier babies become more productive adults, who pay more tax. However, parents do not internalize this externality, which, combined with other distortions, results in mothers weighing too little during pregnancy.

Research Note: Intergenerational Transmission Is Not Sufficient for Positive Long-Term Population Growth.

All leading long-term global population projections agree on continuing fertility decline, resulting in a rate of population size growth that will continue to decline toward zero and would eventually turn negative. However, scholarly and popular arguments have suggested that because fertility transmits intergenerationally (i.e.

Estimating consumer preferences for different beverages using the BLP approach.

The overconsumption of sugar is a significant problem in many jurisdictions, and one possible method to remedy this problem is the taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). To be able to implement an optimal tax, it is important to know the preferences and price sensitivity of consumers. This article therefore estimates the price elasticity of demand for different beverages in Quebec, using the Berry, Levinsohn and Pakes (BLP) random parameter logistic demand model, combined with Nielsen data from 2010 to 2016 and the 2016 Canadian Census.

Disability Affirmative Action Requirements for the U.S. HHS and Academic Medical Centers.

Medical professionals exert enormous influence over the lives of persons with disabilities by providing medical care and by generating medical research and medical information about them that form the basis for policies and practices that affect their everyday lives. Yet persons with disabilities remain substantially underrepresented within the U.S.

Those who can't sort, steal: caste, occupational mobility, and rent-seeking in rural India.

Three important features of Indian labor markets enduringly coexist: rent-seeking, occupational immobility, and caste. These facts are puzzling, given theories that predict static, equilibrium social inequality without conflict. Our model explains these facts as an equilibrium outcome.

Physician Burnout and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

The writer responds to the commentary "Physician Burnout Calls for Legal Intervention," by Sharona Hoffman, in the November-December 2019 issue of the Hastings Center Report.

In-flight spatial disorientation induces roll reversal errors when using the attitude indicator.

We hypothesized that an incorrect expectation due to spatial disorientation may induce roll reversal errors. To test this, an in-flight experiment was performed, in which forty non-pilots rolled wings level after receiving motion cues. A No-leans condition (subthreshold motion to a bank angle) was included, as well as a Leans-opposite condition (leans cues, opposite to the bank angle) and a Leans-level condition (leans cues, but level flight).

How is "stigma" conceived within the biomedical literature on trainee wellness? A directed content analysis.

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. : Institutional discrimination against trainees with suspected mental disorders has rarely been the focus of medical education research.

How broad are state physician health program descriptions of physician impairment?

Background: Physician health program websites in 23 states provide many descriptions of possible physician impairment. This study sought to determine whether these descriptions are so broad that almost everyone might potentially be suspected of being impaired given these descriptions.

Methods: The authors randomly selected 25 descriptions of impairment and then presented them anonymously online to members of the general population in full-time employment through Amazon's Mechanical Turk (N = 199).

Among the Severely Mentally Ill, Who Responds to Ziprasidone?

So far, demographic variables have not consistently been found to predict clinical response to antipsychotics. This study examines some differences in response to ziprasidone, which has been shown to be effective, with a better metabolic side effect profile, but was little used in New York State Hospitals. The aim was to study state hospital patients switched to ziprasidone.

Do state physician health programs encourage referrals that violate the Americans with Disabilities Act?

The websites of many physician health programs provide lists describing signs of impairment or indications to refer physician-employees for evaluation and possible treatment. This study aimed (1) to determine how many of these descriptions likely provide physicians' employers with sufficient evidence to legally request mental health examinations under the general regulations of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA); and (2) to find out who they described. The authors applied US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission guidance documents and sought expert legal advice to evaluate the descriptions for their consistency with the ADA.