Magnetic resonance imaging of the papillary muscles of the left ventricle: normal anatomy, variants, and abnormalities.

Left ventricular papillary muscles are small myocardial structures that play an important role in the functioning of mitral valve and left ventricle. Typically, there are two groups of papillary muscles, namely the anterolateral and the posteromedial groups. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of papillary muscles, providing both morphological and functional information.

Bands in the Heart: Multimodality Imaging Review.

Multiple bands and bandlike structures can be found within the cardiac chambers, which can be evaluated with various imaging modalities including echocardiography, CT, MRI, and invasive angiography. These bands can be classified as normal structures or normal variants, aberrant structures, or pathologic entities. Normal structures include the crista terminalis, taenia sagittalis, Chiari network, coumadin ridge, moderator band, papillary muscles, and chordae tendineae.