Independent effects of sex and stress on fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension.

Proximal tubule fructose metabolism is key to fructose-induced hypertension, but the roles of sex and stress are unclear. We hypothesized that females are resistant to the salt-sensitive hypertension caused by low amounts of dietary fructose compared to males and that the magnitude of the increase in blood pressure (BP) depends, in part, on amplification of the stress response of renal sympathetic nerves. We measured systolic BP (SBP) in rats fed high salt with either no sugar (HS), 20% glucose (GHS) or 20% fructose (FHS) in the drinking water for 7-8 days.

Time-Resolved In Vivo Measurement of Neuropeptide Dynamics by Capacitive Immunoprobe in Porcine Heart.

The ability to measure biomarkers in vivo relevant to the assessment of disease progression is of great interest to the scientific and medical communities. The resolution of results obtained from current methods of measuring certain biomarkers can take several days or weeks to obtain, as they can be limited in resolution both spatially and temporally (e.g.

Rapid measurement of cardiac neuropeptide dynamics by capacitive immunoprobe in the porcine heart.

Sympathetic control of regional cardiac function occurs through postganglionic innervation from stellate ganglia and thoracic sympathetic chain. Whereas norepinephrine (NE) is their primary neurotransmitter, neuropeptide Y (NPY) is an abundant cardiac cotransmitter. NPY plays a vital role in homeostatic processes including angiogenesis, vasoconstriction, and cardiac remodeling.

Fast in vivo detection of myocardial norepinephrine levels in the beating porcine heart.

The sympathetic nervous system modulates cardiac function by controlling key parameters such as chronotropy and inotropy. Sympathetic control of ventricular function occurs through extrinsic innervation arising from the stellate ganglia and thoracic sympathetic chain. In the healthy heart, sympathetic release of norepinephrine (NE) results in positive modulation of chronotropy, inotropy, and dromotropy, significantly increasing cardiac output.

Gender influence on the performance of chest compressions in simulated hypogravity and microgravity.

Introduction: In the event of a cardiac arrest during microgravity exposure, external chest compressions (ECCs) which form the main part of basic life support should be carried out while the advanced life support equipment is being deployed. This study was aimed to determine if there was any gender difference in the effectiveness of performing ECCs using a body suspension device to simulate lunar and Martian hypogravity and microgravity.

Methods: The volunteers performed ECCs during simulated microgravity (using the Evetts-Russomano method): lunar, Martian, and Earth/Control.