Sulfenylnitrene-mediated nitrogen-atom insertion for late-stage skeletal editing of -heterocycles.

Given the prevalence of nitrogen-containing heterocycles in commercial drugs, selectively incorporating a single nitrogen atom is a promising scaffold hopping approach to enhance chemical diversity in drug discovery libraries. We harness the distinct reactivity of sulfenylnitrenes, which insert a single nitrogen atom to transform readily available pyrroles, indoles, and imidazoles into synthetically challenging pyrimidines, quinazolines, and triazines, respectively. Our additive-free method for skeletal editing employs easily accessible, benchtop-stable sulfenylnitrene precursors over a broad temperature range (-30 to 150°C).

Evaluating carbon removal: Integrating technical potential with environmental, social, governance criteria, and sequestration permanence.

Climate modeling suggests that achieving international climate goals requires a reduction in current CO emissions by over 90%, with any remaining emissions to be addressed through carbon dioxide removal (CDR) solutions. Sixteen CDR strategies are evaluated by integrating technical potential, environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, along with sequestration permanence. This evaluation, conducted by ENGIE's scientific council using an interdisciplinary Delphi panel methodology, proposes a "quality" measure for each technology.

Catalytic Activation of Thioglycosides with Copper-Carbenes for Stereoselective 1,2--Furanosylations.

Thioglycoside activation, crucial for oligosaccharide synthesis, faces challenges with the need for stoichiometric promoters, additives, and cryogenic conditions, particularly in stereoselective 1,2--linkage formation. This study introduces a carbene-based catalytic method using Cu(OTf) for thioglycoside activation, enabling efficient 1,2--furanosylation in ribose and arabinose. The method is orthogonal to conventional thioglycoside and alkyne donors, accommodates sterically demanding acceptors, and achieves stereoselectivity independent of the donor anomeric configuration and C2-protecting groups, with copper chelation playing a key role.

Comparing Clinician Estimates versus a Statistical Tool for Predicting Risk of Death within 45 Days of Admission for Cancer Patients.

Objectives:  While clinical practice guidelines recommend that oncologists discuss goals of care with patients who have advanced cancer, it is estimated that less than 20% of individuals admitted to the hospital with high-risk cancers have end-of-life discussions with their providers. While there has been interest in developing models for mortality prediction to trigger such discussions, few studies have compared how such models compare with clinical judgment to determine a patient's mortality risk.

Methods:  This study is a prospective analysis of 1,069 solid tumor medical oncology hospital admissions ( = 911 unique patients) from February 7 to June 7, 2022, at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

Pedagogical Approaches to Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Communication Sciences and Disorders Programs: A Nationwide Survey.

Purpose: This study investigates how instructors in communication sciences and disorders (CSD) programs teach about cultural and linguistic diversity (CLD) in general-content courses as well as those dedicated to CLD content with the goal of identifying ways of improving training of preservice clinicians to provide culturally responsive service delivery.

Method: A survey was sent to 4,192 instructors in CSD programs at 295 institutions in the United States and Puerto Rico, of which 565 responded. The survey contained choice response questions and open-ended questions.

Spatio-temporal patterns of tick-borne disease diagnoses in Indiana, USA (2009-2018).

Aims: Although tick-borne disease (TBD) incidence has increased in the United States (U.S.) in the past decade, new evidence suggests that notifiable diseases surveillance records may not accurately reflect the true magnitude of TBD diagnoses.

Environmental assessment of diets: overview and guidance on indicator choice.

Comprehensive but interpretable assessment of the environmental performance of diets involves choosing a set of appropriate indicators. Current knowledge and data gaps on the origin of dietary foodstuffs restrict use of indicators relying on site-specific information. This Personal View summarises commonly used indicators for assessing the environmental performance of diets, briefly outlines their benefits and drawbacks, and provides recommendations on indicator choices for actors across multiple fields involved in activities that include the environmental assessment of diets.

Varying Syntax to Enhance Verb-Focused Intervention for 30-Month-Olds With Language Delay: A Concurrent Multiple Baseline Design.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if 2.5-year-olds with language delay would learn verbs () when presented with varying syntactic structure ("The woman is spilling the milk"/"The milk is spilling"; = patient or theme) in a therapeutic context. Children with language delay have proportionally small inventories of verbs, which limits expressive language development.

Visualization of Electron Density Changes Along Chemical Reaction Pathways.

We propose a simple procedure for visualizing the electron density changes (EDC) during a chemical reaction, which is based on a mapping of rectangular grid points for a stationary structure into (distorted) positions around atoms of another stationary structure. Specifically, during a small step along the minimum energy pathway (MEP), the displacement of each grid point is obtained as a linear combination of the motion of all atoms, with the contribution from each atom scaled by the corresponding Hirshfeld weight. For several reactions (identity S2, Claisen rearrangement, Diels-Alder reaction, [3+2] cycloaddition, and phenylethyl mercaptan attack on pericosine A), our EDC plots showed an expected reduction of electron densities around severed bonds (or those with the bond-order lowered), with the opposite observed for newly-formed or enhanced chemical bonds.

An Instrumented Mouthguard for Real-Time Measurement of Head Kinematics under a Large Range of Sport Specific Accelerations.

Background: Head impacts in sports can produce brain injuries. The accurate quantification of head kinematics through instrumented mouthguards (iMG) can help identify underlying brain motion during injurious impacts. The aim of the current study is to assess the validity of an iMG across a large range of linear and rotational accelerations to allow for on-field head impact monitoring.

Construction of a Synthetic Colostrum Substitute and Its Protection of Intestinal Cells against Inflammation in an Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Colostrum provides bioactive components that are essential for the colonization of microbiota in the infant gut, while preventing infectious diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis. As colostrum is not always available from the mother, particularly for premature infants, effective and safe substitutes are keenly sought after by neonatologists. The benefits of bioactive factors in colostrum are recognized; however, there have been no accounts of human colostrum being studied during digestion of the lipid components or their self-assembly in gastrointestinal environments.

Activity-regulated gene expression across cell types of the mouse hippocampus.

Activity-regulated gene (ARG) expression patterns in the hippocampus (HPC) regulate synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and are linked to both risk and treatment responses for many neuropsychiatric disorders. The HPC contains discrete classes of neurons with specialized functions, but cell type-specific activity-regulated transcriptional programs are not well characterized. Here, we used single-nucleus RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) in a mouse model of acute electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) to identify cell type-specific molecular signatures associated with induced activity in HPC neurons.

Healthy home food environments of pregnant Black women are shaped by food outlet access and participation in nutrition assistance programs.

Objectives: Improving access to healthy food in Black communities is imperative to combat intergenerational health disparities. Pregnant Black women represent an especially vulnerable population to multiple (and overlapping) sources of socioeconomic and political disenfranchisement and thus for whom maternal nutrition is crucial. This study aimed to (1) define household food environment types, (2) determine whether the distribution of community food outlets is associated with these household food environment types, and (3) determine whether the community-household food environment relationship differs by maternal education or participation in nutrition assistance programs.

Feasibility and preliminary clinical tolerability of low-field MRI-guided prostate biopsy.

Objective: We evaluate the clinical feasibility of a portable, low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system for prostate cancer (PCa) biopsy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of men who underwent a 12-core systematic transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (SB) and a low-field MRI guided transperineal targeted biopsy (MRI-TB). Comparison of the detection of clinically significant PCa (csPCa) (Gleason Grade [GG] ≥ 2) by SB and low field MRI-TB, stratified by Prostate Imaging Reporting & Data System (PI-RADS) score, prostate volume, and prostate serum antigen (PSA) was performed.

How research into healthcare staff use and non-use of e-books led to planning a joint approach to e-book policy and practice across UK and Ireland healthcare libraries.

The research goals were to obtain an understanding of who the users of e-books in the NHS are, what they are using e-books for, and when and how they use them. This article presents the methodology used and the findings from the research. It also explores the outputs and next steps from the research, both for the individual countries and collectively.

Association Between Remote Monitoring and Acute Care Visits in High-Risk Patients Initiating Intravenous Antineoplastic Therapy.

Purpose: Traditional oncology care models have not effectively identified and managed at-risk patients to prevent acute care. A next step is to harness advances in technology to enable patients to report symptoms any time, enabling digital hovering-intensive symptom monitoring and management. Our objective was to evaluate a digital platform that identifies and remotely monitors high-risk patients initiating antineoplastic therapy with the goal of preventing acute care visits.

Natural Language Processing of Computed Tomography Reports to Label Metastatic Phenotypes With Prognostic Significance in Patients With Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: Natural language processing (NLP) applied to radiology reports can help identify clinically relevant M1 subcategories of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The primary purpose was to compare the overall survival (OS) of CRC according to American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging and explore an alternative classification. The secondary objective was to estimate the frequency of metastasis for each organ.

Computational Evaluation of Potential Molecular Catalysts for Nitrous Oxide Decomposition.

Nitrous oxide (NO) is a potent greenhouse gas (GHG) with limited use as a mild anesthetic and underdeveloped reactivity. Nitrous oxide splitting (decomposition) is critical to its mitigation as a GHG. Although heterogeneous catalysts for NO decomposition have been developed, highly efficient, long-lived solid catalysts are still needed, and the details of the catalytic pathways are not well understood.

A standardised template for reporting lower limb kinematic waveform movement compensations from a sensor-based portable clinical movement analysis toolkit.

Objectives: To develop a standardised template to support physiotherapist reporting of lower limb kinematic waveform data.

Design: Within and between user agreement identification of movement compensation strategies.

Setting: University Health Board Physiotherapy Department.

Analysis of a Remote Monitoring Program for Symptoms Among Adults With Cancer Receiving Antineoplastic Therapy.

Importance: Electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) may have the potential to improve cancer care delivery by enhancing patient quality of life, reducing acute care visits, and extending overall survival. However, the optimal cadence of ePRO assessments is unknown.

Objective: To determine patient response preferences and the clinical value associated with a daily cadence for ePROs for patients receiving antineoplastic treatment.

Impact of pasteurization on the self-assembly of human milk lipids during digestion.

Human milk is critical for the survival and development of infants. This source of nutrition contains components that protect against infections while stimulating immune maturation. In cases where the mother's own milk is unavailable, pasteurized donor milk is the preferred option.

Natural Language Processing of Large-Scale Structured Radiology Reports to Identify Oncologic Patients With or Without Splenomegaly Over a 10-Year Period.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of a natural language processing (NLP) model in extracting splenomegaly described in patients with cancer in structured computed tomography radiology reports.

Methods: In this retrospective study between July 2009 and April 2019, 3,87,359 consecutive structured radiology reports for computed tomography scans of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis from 91,665 patients spanning 30 types of cancer were included. A randomized sample of 2,022 reports from patients with colorectal cancer, hepatobiliary cancer (HB), leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and non-HL patients was manually annotated as positive or negative for splenomegaly.

Crystal structure of a putative short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from Paraburkholderia xenovorans.

Paraburkholderia xenovorans degrades organic wastes, including polychlorinated biphenyls. The atomic structure of a putative dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) from P. xenovorans (PxSDR) was determined in space group P2 at a resolution of 1.