Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Augments Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Activity in Dendritic Cells via MyD88 Pathway.

Mucosal surfaces are the primary point of entry for many infectious agents and mucosal immune responses serve as the primary defense to these pathogens. In order to mount an effective mucosal immune response, it is important to induce T cell homing to mucosal surfaces. Conventional vaccine adjuvants induce strong systemic immunity but often fail to produce mucosal immunity.