Opioids and sleep.

Purpose Of Review: Summarize the effects of opioids on sleep including sleep architecture, sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and restless legs syndrome.

Recent Findings: Opioids are associated with the development of central sleep apnea (CSA) and ataxic breathing. Recent reports suggest that adaptive servo-ventilation may be an effective treatment for CSA associated with opioids.

Immunological disruption of antiangiogenic signals by recruited allospecific T cells leads to corneal allograft rejection.

Corneal transplantation is the most common solid organ transplantation. The immunologically privileged nature of the cornea results in high success rates. However, T cell-mediated rejection is the most common cause of corneal graft failure.

Intraocular tuberculosis.

Intraocular manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) are rare, but TB infection is common worldwide, especially in developing economies, and in immigrant populations and immunocompromised patients in developed nations. The current review focuses on the clinical characteristics and diagnostic modalities useful in the diagnosis of intraocular TB. Specifically, IFN-gamma Release Assays (IGRAs), antigen-detection assays, and polymerase chain reactions will be discussed.

Maternal cocaine administration in mice alters DNA methylation and gene expression in hippocampal neurons of neonatal and prepubertal offspring.

Previous studies documented significant behavioral changes in the offspring of cocaine-exposed mothers. We now explore the hypothesis that maternal cocaine exposure could alter the fetal epigenetic machinery sufficiently to cause lasting neurochemical and functional changes in the offspring. Pregnant CD1 mice were administered either saline or 20 mg/kg cocaine twice daily on gestational days 8-19.

Identification of protein biomarkers for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in the postmortem prefrontal cortex using SELDI-TOF-MS ProteinChip profiling combined with MALDI-TOF-PSD-MS analysis.

This paper describes the high-throughput proteomic analysis of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) from schizophrenia (SCHIZ), bipolar (BD), and normal control cohorts from the Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center performed using ProteinChip technology based on the surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS). The resultant profiles were utilized in classification-tree algorithms for selection of protein biomarker peaks contributing maximally to the differentiation between the examined diagnostic cohorts. Twenty-four such protein biomarker peaks were identified.