The rapid recovery study: Cyclobenzaprine's effect on recovery following joint arthroplasty.

Introduction: Skeletal muscle relaxants have previously not been examined in multimodal anesthesia regimens following joint arthroplasty. We sought to evaluate cyclobenzaprine's effect on postoperative opioid consumption as well as surgical recovery following joint arthroplasty.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, 471 patients undergoing 554 joint arthroplasty procedures were evaluated.

Medial Osteoarthritis in an ACL-Deficient Knee: A Critical Analysis Review.

»: In anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knees, treatment of medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA) that is refractory to nonoperative modalities is a controversial subject.

»: Currently available treatment options include unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) with or without ACL reconstruction (ACLR), high tibial osteotomy (HTO) with or without ACLR, and total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

»: Each treatment option has its own risks and benefits, and the evidence that is reviewed in this article suggests that patient characteristics guide treatment selection.

Outcome reporting patterns in total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the most effective ways to treat end-stage painful conditions of the knee. However, non-standardized reporting patterns can make quantitative analysis of patient outcomes difficult.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed using keywords "total knee arthroplasty" and "total knee replacement.

Outcome Reporting Patterns in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials.

Background: There has been a shift toward using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to capture functional improvement and patient satisfaction after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Because there is no standard measure or set of measures, variability in reporting patterns makes comparison across studies difficult.

Methods: We performed a review of the literature using the keywords "total hip arthroplasty" and "total hip replacement" to electronically search PubMed, using the date range August 1, 2014, to August 1, 2019.

Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Focal Femoral Osteonecrosis.

Background: Previous research has indicated that unicompartmental arthroplasty may be an effective treatment for focal osteonecrosis in the knee; however, these reports have been composed of small patient cohorts and without characterization of the osteonecrotic lesions. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of unicompartmental arthroplasty for the treatment of focal osteonecrosis within the medial femoral condyle including an assessment of lesion size.

Methods: A consecutive series of >5,000 unicompartmental knee arthroplasties performed at a single institution was retrospectively reviewed to identify cases of medial femoral condyle osteonecrosis with a minimum 2-year follow-up.

Reduced Thigh Pain with Short Femoral Stem Design Following Direct Anterior Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Background: Thigh pain is a variably reported symptom in the postoperative period following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) with a well-fixed cementless femoral implant. While research has identified stem size, stem alignment, and differences in modulus of elasticity between implant and host bone as potential sources of thigh pain, only one study has specifically examined the impact of variation in implant design within a single femoral stem design. The purpose of this work was to determine whether there were differences in the pain experienced by patients treated with two design variants of a femoral stem during direct anterior THA.

Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Utilizing a Modified Surgical Technique and Specifically Adapted Fixed-Bearing Implant.

Background: Treatment of isolated lateral compartment arthritic disease with partial knee arthroplasty remains underutilized in comparison to medial unicompartmental arthroplasty. This study examines the survival and outcome of lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty utilizing the first implant specifically developed for the lateral compartment.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was performed to detect lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty procedures performed in our practice between January 2013 and May 2016.

Direct Anterior Approach and Perioperative Fracture With a Single-Taper Wedge Femoral Component.

Background: Despite growing interest in direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty, perioperative femoral fracture and early aseptic loosening are increasingly recognized complications. Previous research has documented the role of surgeon experience in association with these femoral complications. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between femoral component design and early periprosthetic femoral complications.

"Thicker" Polyethylene Bearings Are Not Associated With Higher Failure Rates in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty.

Background: Despite improvements in polyethylene bearing surface properties, only 1 previous study has examined the results of larger thickness bearings. The purpose of this study was to determine whether polyethylene thickness influenced patient outcomes and implant survival following modular total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty from 2003 to 2014 in a single practice database.

Medial Mobile-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty in Young Patients Aged Less Than or Equal to 50 Years.

Background: Contemporary research has shown medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty to be an effective treatment in patients younger than 60 years; however, only one other study has specifically investigated unicompartmental arthroplasty outcomes in patients 50 years or younger. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical outcomes and survivorship of medial mobile-bearing unicompartmental arthroplasty in this younger patient population.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients undergoing primary unicompartmental knee arthroplasty using the Oxford partial knee from 2003 to 2014 in a single practice database was performed.

Polyethylene liner dislocation of fixed-bearing medial oxinium unicompartmental arthroplasty with severe metallosis.

The case of an atraumatic dislocation of a fixed bearing in a medial unicompartmental arthroplasty with an oxinium femoral component is presented. A review of the literature pertaining to knee arthroplasty locking mechanisms is discussed. Potential modes of locking mechanisms failure are reviewed including the recognition of such failures in the clinical setting.

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and depression symptom effects of an arginine vasopressin type 1B receptor antagonist in a one-week randomized Phase 1b trial.

Background: Arginine vasopressin 1B receptor (V) antagonists may have utility for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods: The V antagonist ABT-436 (= 31) or matching placebo (= 20) was administered to MDD subjects for 7 days. The main study objectives were to assess the safety and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) effects of ABT-436 in MDD subjects.

Lung cells support osteosarcoma cell migration and survival.

Background: Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary bone tumor, with a propensity to metastasize to the lungs. Five-year survival for metastatic OS is below 30%, and has not improved for several decades despite the introduction of multi-agent chemotherapy. Understanding OS cell migration to the lungs requires an evaluation of the lung microenvironment.

Posterior Shoulder Instability in Overhead Athletes.

Posterior shoulder instability in overhead athletes presents a unique and difficult challenge. Often, this group has an inherent capsular laxity and/or humeral retroversion to accommodate the range of motion necessary to throw. This adaptation makes the diagnosis of posterior capsulolabral pathology challenging, as the examiner must differentiate between adaptive capsular laxity and pathologic instability.

Intragrade intramedullary nailing of an open tibial shaft fracture in a patient with concomitant ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty.

Open tibial shaft fracture occurring below an ipsilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a unique injury pattern that presents an additional degree of complexity to an already challenging treatment algorithm. Tibial shaft fracture is a surgical emergency requiring respect for the soft-tissue envelope and consideration of the biomechanical and biologic factors involved in healing. Treatment with an intramedullary nail relative to other types of internal or external fixation methods optimizes these factors and minimizes the risks of nonunion, malunion, infection, soft-tissue compromise, and reoperation, which are prevalent after this fracture.

ALDH Activity Correlates with Metastatic Potential in Primary Sarcomas of Bone.

Osteosarcoma (OS), chondrosarcoma (CSA), and Ewings sarcoma (ES) are the most common primary malignancies of bone, and are rare diseases. As with all sarcomas, the prognosis of these diseases ultimately depends on the presence of metastatic disease. Survival is therefore closely linked with the biology and metastatic potential of a particular bone tumor's cells.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of HSD-1 inhibitor ABT-384 in Alzheimer's disease.

Background: In this study we assessed increased cortisol in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The selective 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD-1) inhibitor ABT-384 blocked regeneration of active cortisol and this tests the hypothesis that intracellular hypercortisolism contributes to cognitive impairment.

Methods: In this double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled phase II study we examine the efficacy and safety of ABT-384 given 10 mg or 50 mg once daily, donepezil 10 mg once daily, or placebo for 12 weeks in subjects with mild-to-moderate AD.

Notch Signaling is Associated with ALDH Activity and an Aggressive Metastatic Phenotype in Murine Osteosarcoma Cells.

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone, and pulmonary metastatic disease accounts for nearly all mortality. However, little is known about the biochemical signaling alterations that drive the progression of metastatic disease. Two murine OS cell populations, K7M2 and K12, are clonally related but differ significantly in their metastatic phenotypes and therefore represent excellent tools for studying metastatic OS molecular biology.

Dystrophin and utrophin "double knockout" dystrophic mice exhibit a spectrum of degenerative musculoskeletal abnormalities.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a degenerative muscle disorder characterized by the lack of dystrophin expression at the sarcolemma of muscle fibers. In addition, DMD patients acquire osteopenia, fragility fractures, and scoliosis indicating that a deficiency in skeletal homeostasis coexists but little is known about the effects of DMD on bone and other connective tissues within the musculoskeletal system. Recent evidence has emerged implicating adult stem cell dysfunction in DMD myopathogenesis.

Synthesis and properties of DNA containing cyclonucleosides.

Here, we present efficient syntheses of the R and S diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine and 6,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyuridine. We incorporated these interesting nucleosides into DNA to study how the cyclo linkage affects the stability of duplex formation.

Paracrine proangiopoietic effects of human umbilical cord blood-derived purified CD133+ cells--implications for stem cell therapies in regenerative medicine.

CD133+ cells purified from hematopoietic tissues are enriched mostly for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, but also contain some endothelial progenitor cells and very small embryonic-like stem cells. CD133+ cells, which are akin to CD34+ cells, are a potential source of stem cells in regenerative medicine. However, the lack of convincing donor-derived chimerism in the damaged organs of patients treated with these cells suggests that the improvement in function involves mechanisms other than a direct contribution to the damaged tissues.

Umbilical cord blood-derived very small embryonic like stem cells (VSELs) as a source of pluripotent stem cells for regenerative medicine.

Umbilical cord blood-derived very small embryonic-like stem cells (UCB-VSELs) are the most primitive stem cells circulating in fetal peripheral blood. These very rare cells slightly smaller than red blood cells i) become mobilized during delivery, ii) are enriched in fraction of CD133+ Lin-CD45- cells iii) express markers of pluripotent stem cells (e.g.

The use of research measures in adult clinical practice.

Many psychopathology research assessment tools can be used easily and productively in clinical practice. We conducted a workshop in 2009 and 2010 at the American Psychiatric Association annual meeting designed to bring clinicians some commonly used adult research measures with broad applicability to a variety of conditions. This article reviews what was most helpful to the practicing clinicians at the workshop.