Circulating extracellular microvesicles associated with electronic cigarette use increase endothelial cell inflammation and reduce nitric oxide production.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of circulating microvesicles isolated from chronic electronic (e-)cigarette users on cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), cellular cytokine release, phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO production. The HUVECs were treated with microvesicles isolated via flow cytometry from nine non-tobacco users (five male and four female; 22 ± 2 years of age) and 10 e-cigarette users (six male and four female; 22 ± 2 years of age). Microvesicles from e-cigarette users induced significantly greater release of interleukin-6 (183.

Muscle-to-Bone Ratio in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players by Position.

Dengel, DR, Studee, HR, Juckett, WT, Bosch, TA, Carbuhn, AF, Stanforth, PR, and Evanoff, NG. Muscle-to-bone ratio in NCAA Division I collegiate football players by position. J Strength Cond Res 38(9): 1607-1612, 2024-The purpose of this study was to compare the muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I football players (collegiate football players [CFP]) to healthy, age-matched controls.

Endothelial-derived extracellular vesicles associated with electronic cigarette use impair cerebral microvascular cell function.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of circulating endothelial cell-derived microvesicles (EMVs) isolated from e-cigarette users on human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs) nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET)-1 production and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) release. Circulating EMVs (CD144-PE) were isolated (flow cytometry) from 27 young adults (19-25 yr): 10 nonsmokers (6 M/4 F), 10 e-cigarette users (6 M/4 F), and 7 tobacco cigarette smokers (4 M/3 F). hCMECs were cultured and treated with isolated EMVs for 24 h.

Body Mass Index Trajectories and Biomarkers of Cardiometabolic Risk in Children from Low-Income and Racially and Ethnically Diverse Households.

This study examined the associations between BMI trajectories and emerging cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children living in low-income and racially and ethnically diverse households in the United States. Data were drawn from NET-Works randomized intervention trial and NET-Works 2 prospective follow-up study ( = 338). BMI was measured across 6 follow-up visits and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) at the sixth visit.

Positional Differences in Muscle-to-bone Ratio in National Football League Players.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the muscle-to-bone ratio (MBR) in National Football League (NFL) players. Three hundred and forty-six NFL players had their total body lean, fat and bone masses determined using dual X-ray absorptiometry and were compared to 228 age-matched, healthy male controls. Compared to the control group, NFL players had a significantly lower percent total body fat (17.

Total and Regional Body Composition of NCAA Collegiate Female Rowing Athletes.

This study explored body composition in female NCAA Division I rowers compared to controls; and the effect of season, boat category, and oar side on body composition. This retrospective analysis of 91 rowers, and 173 age, sex, and BMI-matched controls examined total and regional fat mass (FM), lean mass (LM), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), percent body fat (%BF), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Two-sample t-testing was used to assess differences between rowers and controls.

No Changes in Body Composition in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players because of COVID-19 Restrictions.

Czeck, MA, Roelofs, EJ, Evanoff, NG, and Dengel, DR. No Changes in body composition in NCAA Division I Collegiate Football Players due to COVID-19 restrictions. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1749-1752, 2022-The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions on body composition, assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), between the 2020 postseason (pre-COVID-19 restrictions) and the 2021 postseason (post-COVID-19 restrictions) in collegiate football players (n = 50).

Relationship of Circulating Endothelial Cells With Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents.

Background Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) reflect early changes in endothelial health; however, the degree to which CEC number and activation is related to adiposity and cardiovascular risk factors in youth is not well described. Methods and Results Youth in this study (N=271; aged 8-20 years) were classified into normal weight (body mass index [BMI] percentage <85th; n=114), obesity (BMI percentage ≥95th to <120% of the 95th; n=63), and severe obesity (BMI percentage ≥120% of the 95th; n=94) catagories. CEC enumeration was determined using immunohistochemical examination of buffy coat smears and activated CEC (percentage of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression) was assessed using immunofluorescent staining.

Re-Opening Exercise Science Laboratories and Testing During the Covid-19 Endemic Phase.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has forced primary/grade schools and university closings as well as forced the suspension of a number of medical and laboratory testing procedures. Exercise science laboratories whether in clinical, research or educational locations were also forced to pause testing procedures. As the COVID-19 pandemic begins to subside in some areas of the world, exercise science laboratories are contemplating how to create a safe environment to resume some laboratory testing activities.

Feasibility of intraoperative aortic root imaging in congenital heart surgery.

Background: Intraoperative vascular imaging is a useful tool to evaluate coronary ostia in congenital heart patients with suboptimal preoperative imaging findings. Additionally, vascular imaging has potential value for visualization of the ascending aortic intima media thickness (IMT) in certain clinical scenarios. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative vascular imaging of coronary ostia and IMT during congenital heart surgery.

Relationship of Apolipoproteins with Subclinical Cardiovascular Risk in Youth.

Objective: To examine the association of apolipoproteins with arterial stiffness and carotid artery structure in children and adolescents.

Study Design: A total of 338 children and adolescents (178 female) with a mean age 13.0 ± 2.

Abnormally increased carotid intima media-thickness and elasticity in patients with Morquio A disease.

Background: Cardiovascular disease frequently causes morbidity and mortality in mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS); however, cardiovascular anatomy and dysfunction in MPS IVA (Morquio A disease) is not well described. Consequently, the study aimed to compare carotid artery structure and elasticity of MPS IVA patients with other MPS patients and healthy control subjects, and quantitate frequency of MPS IVA cardiac structural and functional abnormalities.

Methods: Prospective, multi-center echocardiogram and carotid ultrasound evaluations of 12 Morquio A patients were compared with other MPS and healthy control subjects.

Reproducibility of a ramping protocol to measure cerebral vascular reactivity using functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Though individual differences in arterial carbon dioxide and oxygen levels inherently exist, the degree of their influence on cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR) is less clear. We examined the reproducibility of BOLD signal changes to an iso-oxic ramping P CO protocol. CVR changes were induced by altering P CO while holding P O constant using a computer-controlled sequential gas delivery (SGD) device.

Relation of secondhand smoke exposure to vascular phenotypes in children and adolescents.

Background: Subclinical cardiovascular risks of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure among children and adolescents remains insufficiently described.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 298 children and adolescents (48.0% male, body mass index: 27.

V/VCO slope in lean and overweight women and its relationship to lean leg mass.

Unlabelled: Ventilation/carbon dioxide production (V/VCO) is used clinically to determine cardiorespiratory fitness and morbidity in heart failure (HF). Previously, we demonstrated that lower lean leg mass is associated with high V/VCO during exercise in HF. In healthy individuals, we evaluated 1) whether V/VCO differed between lean and overweight women and 2) the relationship between lean leg mass and V/VCO in overweight sedentary (OWS), overweight trained (OWTR) and lean, trained (LTR) women.

Measurement of Central Aortic Blood Pressure in Youth: Role of Obesity and Sex.

Background: The relationship between pediatric severe obesity (SO) and central aortic blood pressure (BP) has yet to be established.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 348 youth (48.5% male, age 12.

Intra- and inter-day reproducibility of low-flow mediated constriction response in young adults.

Purpose: When assessing brachial endothelial function by reactive hyperaemia, stopping blood flow creates a period of low-flow-mediated constriction (L-FMC). As little is known about how this parameter influences flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD), the purpose of this study was to better understand this relationship and to determine the intra- and interday reproducibility of brachial L-FMC.

Methods: Brachial L-FMC and FMD were measured on 26 healthy, young adults (13 males, 13 females; 24·6 ± 2·7 years).

Determination of Bilateral Symmetry of Carotid Artery Structure and Function in Children and Adolescents.

We compared the symmetry of carotid arteries in youth with high-resolution ultrasound. Participants (n=230 (121 females),13.8 ± 2.

Intra- and interday reproducibility of high-flow-mediated constriction response in young adults.

Background: Previously, we have demonstrated that high-flow-mediated constriction (H-FMC) of the brachial artery has been shown to negatively affect flow-mediated dilation (FMD). However, the reproducibility of an H-FMC response is unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and interday reproducibility of H-FMC in young adults.

Reproducibility of Brachial Vascular Changes with Alterations in End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide.

The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of the peripheral vascular response to hypercapnia. Healthy college-aged men (n = 7) and women (n = 10) underwent an iso-oxic 10-mm Hg increase in PetCO2 for 12 min. Brachial artery diameter changes were measured using ultrasound imaging.

Reproducibility of blood oxygen level-dependent signal changes with end-tidal carbon dioxide alterations.

Hypercapnia has been utilized as a stimulus to elicit changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF). However, in many instances it has been delivered in a non-controlled method that is often difficult to reproduce. The purpose of this study was to examine the within- and between-visit reproducibility of blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes to an iso-oxic square wave alteration in end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (P CO ).

Comparison of brachial dilatory responses to hypercapnia and reactive hyperemia.

Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) relies on reactive hyperemia to stimulate the endothelium to release nitric oxide, causing smooth muscle relaxation. Hypercapnia also produces vasodilation, which is thought to be nitric oxide-independent. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the effects of hypercapnia and reactive hyperemia as stimuli for brachial artery dilation.

Peak shear and peak flow mediated dilation: a time-course relationship.

Purpose: To explore the temporal relationship between brachial artery peak shear stress (Shear) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in children and adults.

Methods: Shear and brachial artery diameter were tracked following reactive hyperemia in 122 children and 350 adults using sonographic imaging.

Results: Peak Shear, Shear area under the curve (Shear(AUC)), and Peak FMD were significantly larger in children than in adults.