Harnessing cellular therapeutics for type 1 diabetes mellitus: progress, challenges, and the road ahead.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a growing global health concern that affects approximately 8.5 million individuals worldwide. T1DM is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to a disruption in glucose homeostasis.

Imaging in Type 1 Diabetes, Current Perspectives and Directions.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the autoimmune-mediated attack of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to reliance on exogenous insulin to control a patient's blood glucose levels. As progress is being made in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and how to better develop therapies to treat it, there is an increasing need for monitoring technologies to quantify beta cell mass and function throughout T1D progression and beta cell replacement therapy. Molecular imaging techniques offer a possible solution through both radiologic and non-radiologic means including positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, electron paramagnetic resonance imaging, and spatial omics.

Synthetic regulatory reconstitution reveals principles of mammalian cluster regulation.

Precise gene expression is crucial for embryonic patterning. Intra- transcription factor binding and distal enhancer elements have emerged as the major regulatory modules controlling gene expression. However, quantifying their relative contributions has remained elusive.

FANCD2 Binding to H4K20me2 via a Methyl-Binding Domain Is Essential for Efficient DNA Cross-Link Repair.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inherited disease characterized by bone marrow failure and increased cancer risk. FA is caused by mutation of any 1 of 22 genes, and the FA proteins function cooperatively to repair DNA interstrand cross-links (ICLs). A central step in the activation of the FA pathway is the monoubiquitination of the FANCD2 and FANCI proteins, which occurs within chromatin.

Recent discoveries in the molecular pathogenesis of the inherited bone marrow failure syndrome Fanconi anemia.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is a rare autosomal and X-linked genetic disease characterized by congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure (BMF), and increased cancer risk during early adulthood. The median lifespan for FA patients is approximately 33years. The proteins encoded by the FA genes function together in the FA-BRCA pathway to repair DNA damage and to maintain genome stability.