Publications by authors named "Nicholas D Lloyd"
Fromm et al. and Vernier et al. suggest that their analyses of satellite measurements indicate that the main part of the Nabro volcanic plume from the eruption on 13 June 2011 was directly injected into the stratosphere.
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- The Nabro volcano in Eritrea erupted on June 13, 2011, releasing about 1.3 teragrams of sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) into the atmosphere.
- The eruption propelled SO(2) to altitudes between 9 to 14 kilometers, leading to significant aerosol presence in the stratosphere.
- This event highlights that volcanic eruptions don’t need to be extremely powerful to influence climate; even those that primarily inject sulfur into the lower stratosphere can have an impact.
The possibility of retrieving horizontal atmospheric structure from a series of limb images taken aboard a satellite is discussed and a maximum likelihood expectation maximization algorithm is developed. Examples of the retrieval of horizontal structure with this algorithm, for different S/N (signal-to-noise) ratios and different structures, are presented. It is shown that with this algorithm and even in the presence of substantial observational noise, a S/N equal to 10 for a single observation, it is possible to retrieve both horizontal and vertical atmospheric structure.
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