Advances in the clinical management of uveal melanoma.

Melanomas arising in the uveal tract of the eye are a rare form of the disease with a biology and clinical phenotype distinct from their more common cutaneous counterparts. Treatment of primary uveal melanoma with radiotherapy, enucleation or other modalities achieves local control in more than 90% of patients, although 40% or more ultimately develop distant metastases, most commonly in the liver. Until January 2022, no systemic therapy had received regulatory approval for patients with metastatic uveal melanoma, and these patients have historically had a dismal prognosis owing to the limited efficacy of the available treatments.

Small ruptured cerebral aneurysms-do they rupture on formation or not?

Purpose: Of patients presenting with subarachnoid haemorrhage, most are due to rupture of a small aneurysm. It has been postulated that in most cases, these aneurysms form and rupture rapidly over a short period of time of days to weeks. We evaluated the hypothesis that such aneurysms therefore should never be discoverable as a pre-existing condition on medical imaging studies.

Aortic valve replacement in over 70- and over 80-year olds: 5-year cohort study.

Background: Demand for aortic valve intervention remains high, and together with the recent introduction of transcatheter aortic valve implantation, this motivates a review of surgical aortic valve replacement in elderly recipients.

Methods: Consecutive patients over 70 years of age having isolated aortic valve replacement during 2007-11 were retrospectively identified and divided into 70-79 and ≥ 80 years age groups for analyses.

Results: 62 octogenarians and 121 septuagenarians were eligible.