Second-line Chemotherapy Prolongs Survival in Real World Patients With Advanced Biliary Tract and Gallbladder Cancers: A Multicenter Retrospective Population-based Cohort Study.

Background: Limited evidence is available regarding the survival benefit of second-line therapy in real world patients with advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer. Until very recently, there was a lack of randomized clinical trials to address this important question. In this multicenter population-based cohort study, the authors evaluated whether second-line therapy improves the survival of real world patients with advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancer.