Anomalous Posterior Tibial Artery Course-Anatomic Considerations for the Posterolateral Ankle Approach: A Case Report.

Case: We report a unique anatomical case of an anomalous course of the posterior tibial artery found on dissection during the posterolateral approach to the ankle. To the best of our knowledge, no such case has been documented.

Conclusion: The vascular bundle consistent with that of the posterior tibial artery and vein was encountered in the far lateral aspect of the deep posterior compartment, which suggests physicians should proceed with caution when performing the posterolateral approach to the ankle so as to avoid iatrogenic injury of this named anatomic structure.

Effects of Optimization Technique on Simulated Muscle Activations and Forces.

Two optimization techniques, static optimization (SO) and computed muscle control (CMC), are often used in OpenSim to estimate the muscle activations and forces responsible for movement. Although differences between SO and CMC muscle function have been reported, the accuracy of each technique and the combined effect of optimization and model choice on simulated muscle function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the SO and CMC estimates of muscle activations and forces during gait with the experimental data in the Gait2392 and Full Body Running models.

Interpreting Musculoskeletal Models and Dynamic Simulations: Causes and Effects of Differences Between Models.

With more than 29,000 OpenSim users, several musculoskeletal models with varying levels of complexity are available to study human gait. However, how different model parameters affect estimated joint and muscle function between models is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of four OpenSim models (Gait2392, Lower Limb Model 2010, Full-Body OpenSim Model, and Full Body Model 2016) on gait mechanics and estimates of muscle forces and activations.