Antigenic operon fragmentation and diversification mechanism in impacts gut metagenomics and pathobionts in Crohn's disease microlesions.

Comensal () and are often linked to gut inflammation. However, the causes for variability of pro-inflammatory surface antigens that affect gut commensal/opportunistic dualism in remain unclear. By using the classical lipopolysaccharide/O-antigen ' operon' in as a surface antigen model (5-gene-cluster ), and a recent typing strategy for strain classification, we characterized the integrity and conservancy of the entire operon in .

Clonal from Gut Microfistulous Tracts as Transmissible Cytotoxic Succinate-Commensal Model of Crohn's Disease Complications.

Crohn's disease (CD) has been traditionally viewed as a chronic inflammatory disease that cause gut wall thickening and complications, including fistulas, by mechanisms not understood. By focusing on (presumed modern succinate-producing commensal probiotic), recovered from intestinal microfistulous tracts (cavernous fistulous micropathologies CavFT proposed as intermediate between 'mucosal fissures' and 'fistulas') in two patients that required surgery to remove CD-damaged ilea, we demonstrate that such isolates exert pathogenic/pathobiont roles in mouse models of CD. Our isolates are clonally-related; potentially emerging as transmissible in the community and mice; proinflammatory and adapted to the ileum of germ-free mice prone to CD-like ileitis (SAMP1/YitFc) but not healthy mice (C57BL/6J), and cytotoxic/ATP-depleting to HoxB8-immortalized bone marrow derived myeloid cells from SAMP1/YitFc mice when concurrently exposed to succinate and extracts from CavFT-derived , but not to cells from healthy mice.

The Epidemiology of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis of the Knee in the United States: An Analysis of 948,853 Patients From 2000 to 2022.

Introduction: Posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the knee (PTOAK) is a known sequela of bony and soft-tissue articular knee injuries, although its historically reported prevalence is highly variable with no recent population-based studies.

Methods: The TriNetX/US Collaborative Network database was queried to identify adult patients diagnosed with a history of knee trauma using ICD-10-CM coding. Primary outcomes measured were yearly incidence proportion (IP), incidence rate (IR), and prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in the United States from 2000 to 2022.

The basis of antigenic operon fragmentation in and commensalism.

The causes for variability of pro-inflammatory surface antigens that affect gut commensal/opportunistic dualism within the phylum remain unclear (1, 2). Using the classical lipopolysaccharide/O-antigen ' operon' in as a surface antigen model (5-gene-cluster ), and a recent typing strategy for strain classification (3), we characterized the architecture/conservancy of the entire operon in . Analyzing complete genomes, we discovered that most have the operon fragmented into non-random gene-singlets and/or doublets/triplets, termed 'minioperons'.

Classification of and other using O- antigen virulence gene: -Typing and hypothesis for pathogenic vs. probiotic strain differentiation.

() is the type species for the new genus, and a gut commensal of the phylum. Emerging reports (primarily based on reference strain/ATCC-8503) concerningly propose that long-known opportunistic pathogen is a probiotic. We posit there is an urgent need to characterize the pathogenicity of strain-strain variability.