Artificial intelligence in emergency and trauma radiology: ASER AI/ML expert panel Delphi consensus statement on research guidelines, practices, and priorities.

Background: Emergency/trauma radiology artificial intelligence (AI) is maturing along all stages of technology readiness, with research and development (R&D) ranging from data curation and algorithm development to post-market monitoring and retraining.

Purpose: To develop an expert consensus document on best research practices and methodological priorities for emergency/trauma radiology AI.

Methods: A Delphi consensus exercise was conducted by the ASER AI/ML expert panel between 2022-2024.

Foreign body giant cell reaction due to Durolane (hyaluronic acid derivative) injection - A case report.

Osteoarthritis can be treated with hyaluronic acid derivatives, such as Durolane manufactured by Bioventus (Hill, 2017), particularly when conventional treatments prove ineffective. In osteoarthritic joints, the synovial fluid has a lower concentration of hyaluronic acid compared to healthy joints. Intra-articular therapy with exogenous hyaluronic acid can improve viscoelastic properties, enhance chondrocyte synthesis, reduce cartilage degradation, and alleviate pain associated with osteoarthritis (Migliore and Procopio in Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab.

MRI characteristics of radiographically occult femoral neck fractures in trauma patients with ipsilateral femoral shaft fractures.

Purpose: Ipsilateral femoral neck fractures can be seen alongside femoral shaft fractures in high-velocity trauma patients. These neck fractures are often occult on radiographs and CT, and can have a significant impact on patient outcomes if not treated promptly. Limited protocol pelvic MRI has been used to increase sensitivity for these occult fractures.

The Top Three Burning Questions in Total Hip Arthroplasty.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for end-stage osteoarthritis is one of the most effective surgical treatments in medicine. Impressive outcomes have been well documented in the literature with patients gaining ambulation and recovery of hip joint function. Nevertheless, there are still debatable issues and controversies that the orthopedic community has not been able to provide a definitive answer for.

Artificial intelligence CAD tools in trauma imaging: a scoping review from the American Society of Emergency Radiology (ASER) AI/ML Expert Panel.

Background: AI/ML CAD tools can potentially improve outcomes in the high-stakes, high-volume model of trauma radiology. No prior scoping review has been undertaken to comprehensively assess tools in this subspecialty.

Purpose: To map the evolution and current state of trauma radiology CAD tools along key dimensions of technology readiness.

Is TKA femoral implant stability improved by pressure applied cement? a comparison of 2 cementing techniques.

Background: The majority of knee endoprostheses are cemented. In an earlier study the effects of different cementing techniques on cement penetration were evaluated using a Sawbone model. In this study we used a human cadaver model to study the effect of different cementing techniques on relative motion between the implant and the femoral shaft component under dynamic loading.

Transversal Malalignment and Proximal Involvement Play a Relevant Role in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Regardless the Subtype.

Classification of gait disorders in cerebral palsy (CP) remains challenging. The Winters, Gage, and Hicks (WGH) is a commonly used classification system for unilateral CP regarding the gait patterns (lower limb kinematics) solely in the sagittal plane. Due to the high number of unclassified patients, this classification system might fail to depict all gait disorders accurately.

Outcome Prognostic Factors in MRI during Spica Cast Therapy Treating Developmental Hip Dysplasia with Midterm Follow-Up.

Closed reduction followed by spica casting is a conservative treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can verify proper closed reduction of the dysplastic hip. Our aim was to find prognostic factors in the first MRI to predict the possible outcome of the initial treatment success by means of ultrasound monitoring according to Graf and the further development of the hip dysplasia or risk of recurrence in the radiological follow-up examinations.

Interventional Therapies for Osteoarthritis: An Update.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases worldwide and is expected to increase in incidence as the age of the general population rises. Both oral medications, such as NSAIDs, and surgical treatments used for OA management have limitations. Demand is rising for minimally invasive techniques such as intraarticular injections and percutaneous interventions for use in place of or in conjunction with oral medications and surgical therapies, and the past 2 decades have seen a rapid expanse in both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic minimally invasive OA treatments.

GMFCS Level-Specific Differences in Kinematics and Joint Moments of the Involved Side in Unilateral Cerebral Palsy.

A variety of gait pathologies is seen in cerebral palsy. Movement patterns between different levels of functional impairment may differ. The objective of this work was the evaluation of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level-specific movement disorders.

Femoral Head and Liner Exchange in Patients with Atraumatic Dislocation. Results of a Retrospective Study with 6 Years Follow-Up.

: Femoral head and liner exchange is an established treatment for polyethylene wear but has had a more limited role in the treatment of other conditions including dislocation, because of concerns about an increased postoperative dislocation rate. Some authors have considered dislocation associated with polyethylene wear to be a contraindication for this procedure. : Our retrospective review evaluated the outcome of head and liner exchange in a small consecutively operated heterogeneous cohort of 20 patients who presented with dislocation unrelated to trauma, component malposition or component loosening.

Primary Stability in Hip Revision Arthroplasty: Comparison of the Stability of Cementless Fixed Augments on a Modular Acetabular Cage System with and without Cranial Straps.

The goal of this study is to evaluate the primary stability of a cementless augment-and-modular-cage system with and without the addition of cranial straps in a standardized in vitro setting. As the surrogate parameter for the evaluation of primary stability, the measurement of relative motion between the implant components themselves and the bone will be used. Acetabular revision components with a trabecular titanium augment in combination with a large fourth-generation composite left hemipelvis were assembled.

Is Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Instillation Suitable for the Treatment of Acute Periprosthetic Hip Joint Infection?

Background: Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) can be devastating for the patient and demanding for the surgeon. In acute PJI, attempts are made to retain the prosthesis by debridement of the infected tissue, targeted antibiotic therapy and an exchange of modular components with implant retention (DAIR). There has been sparse research with adjunctive negative pressure wound treatment with wound irrigation (NPWTI) on the treatment outcome.

Lemierre's Syndrome Due to the Zoonotic Anaerobe Bacteroides pyogenes: Case Report and Literature Review.

Although Fusobacterium necrophorum is well described as an emerging pathogen of acute mastoiditis in young children, infection with other anaerobes can lead to similar severe sequelae including intracranial and extracranial suppurative thrombophlebitis and sepsis. We describe a patient whose unremarkable exposure history assumed increased significance upon obtaining the results of 16S next generation sequencing from a surgical specimen. The novel pathogen Bacteroides pyogenes is reviewed herein.

Application of the reversed LISS-DF technique in an elderly patient to salvage infection-related failure of trochanteric fracture fixation.

Failure of cephalomedullary fixation in geriatric trochanteric fractures is a potential complication. Attempts have been made to optimize the implant fixation (e. g.

Sialendoscopy and Sjogren's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objectives/hypothesis: This study is a systematic review of the literature which seeks to estimate the expected treatment outcomes of a patient with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) undergoing therapeutic sialendoscopy.

Study Design: Systematic Review.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases were used to search for studies published as of August 2020 regarding the treatment outcomes of SS with sialendoscopy.

Hip Spacers with a Metal-on-Cement Articulation Did Not Show Significant Surface Alterations of the Metal Femoral Head in Two-Stage Revision for Periprosthetic Joint Infection.

Two-stage revision is considered the gold standard treatment for chronic periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). During the interim period, between explantation of the infected hip endoprosthesis and revision arthroplasty, individually formed articulating hip spacers made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement can be used to provide better soft tissue preservation, local antibiotic release, and improved postoperative mobilization. If effective prevention from luxation is achieved, hip function and hence overall patient satisfaction is improved.

Imaging evaluation of traumatic carpal instability.

Purpose: To review the epidemiology, pertinent wrist anatomy, classification system, and emergent imaging evaluation of carpal instability with a focus on radiographic assessment of instability.

Methods: A review of current literature on carpal instability was performed with summary presentation of carpal instability epidemiology, carpal anatomy, imaging evaluation, and classification with imaging evaluation focused on diagnosis in the emergency setting.

Results: Carpal instability is a common pathology in falls on outstretched hand and is likely underdiagnosed due to instability being occult or demonstrating subtle malalignment on static imaging of the wrist.

Measuring and Teaching Confidence Calibration Among Radiologists: A Multi-Institution Study.

Objective: Our purpose was to assess the calibration of resident, fellow, and attending radiologists on a simple image classification task (presence or absence of an anterior cruciate ligament [ACL] tear based on interpretation of sagittal proton density, fat-saturated MR images) and to assess whether teaching residents could improve their calibration.

Methods: We created a test containing 30 randomized, sagittal, proton density, fat-saturated MR images of the ACL (15 normal, 15 torn). This test was administered in person to 20 trainees and 3 attendings at one medical center in one state.

Accuracy of craniocervical measurements on CT for identifying partial or complete craniocervical ligament injuries in pediatric patients.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy of craniocervical measurements for identifying craniocervical injuries and the frequency of subjective findings of craniocervical injuries on CT in pediatric patients.

Methods: Case-controlled retrospective review of patients ≤ 16 years old with craniocervical junction injuries. Receiver operator curves were created for common craniocervical measurements on CT comparing patients with complete and partial craniocervical injuries to uninjured cohort.

Imaging of pediatric cervical spine trauma.

While pediatric cervical spine injuries (CSI) are rare, they are associated with high morbidity and mortality and sometimes require expeditious surgical management. In this article, we aim to improve the diagnostic accuracy of pediatric CSI by reviewing normal pediatric cervical anatomy, typical pediatric CSI patterns, and common mimics of pediatric CSI. A literature review was conducted on pediatric CSI, its epidemiology, and the various imaging manifestations and mimics.