Case Report: Extramedullary Hematopoiesis in the Prostate.

Extramedullary hematopoiesis is the physiological process of hematopoiesis occurring outside of the bone marrow and is an extremely rare occurrence in the prostate, with only 1 previously documented report in the English literature. We present a specimen from a 56-year-old man who was found to have a palpable nodule on digital rectal examination and visible findings on ultrasound, confirmed to be extramedullary hematopoiesis on the prostate core.

Molecular correlates of male germ cell tumors with overgrowth of components resembling somatic malignancies.

A small subset of male germ cell tumors (GCT) demonstrates overgrowth of histologic components that resemble somatic malignancies (e.g., sarcoma, carcinoma).

Clinicopathologic Spectrum of Secondary Solid Tumors of the Prostate of Nonurothelial Origin: Multi-institutional Evaluation of 85 Cases.

Secondary involvement of the prostate by urothelial or hematolymphoid neoplasms is relatively common and well-described. In contrast, less is known about the clinicopathologic spectrum of secondary solid tumors of the prostate of nonurothelial origin. This study evaluated a series of secondary nonurothelial solid tumors of the prostate diagnosed at 21 institutions.

Key Renal Neoplasms With a Female Predominance.

Renal neoplasms largely favor male patients; however, there is a growing list of tumors that are more frequently diagnosed in females. These tumors include metanephric adenoma, mixed epithelial and stromal tumor, juxtaglomerular cell tumor, mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma, Xp11.2 (TFE3) translocation-associated renal cell carcinoma, and tuberous sclerosis complex (somatic or germline) associated renal neoplasms.

The Differential Diagnosis of Medullary-Based Renal Masses.

Context.—: Renal malignancies can be divided into cortical- and medullary-based tumors, the latter of which classically infiltrate the renal parenchyma by extending between nonneoplastic structures. Although high-grade cortical tumors can rarely exhibit the same growth pattern, the infiltrative morphology should elicit a differential diagnosis to be considered in each case.

Clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostate cancer diagnosed in young men aged up to 45 years.

Aims: To characterise and compare the poorly understood clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) in very young patients.

Methods And Results: We compared the clinicopathological and molecular characteristics of PCa diagnosed in 90 patients aged ≤45 years with those of PCa diagnosed in 200 patients of typical screening age (i.e.

Secondary adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder attributed to metastatic gastroesophageal cancer.

Metastases of advanced gastrointestinal malignancy to the bladder is a rare phenomenon. Few such cases have been reported. Here, we describe the case of a man with recurrent local gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma who presented with acute kidney injury and bilateral ureteral obstruction ultimately found to have de novo metastatic esophageal disease in the urinary bladder.

Intestinal metaplasia of the urinary tract harbors potentially oncogenic genetic variants.

In the urinary tract, there is an uncertain relationship between intestinal metaplasia (IM), primary adenocarcinoma, and urothelial carcinoma. Although IM is usually found adjacent to concurrent urothelial carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, small retrospective series have shown that most bladder biopsies with only IM do not subsequently develop cancer. However, IM with dysplasia does seem to be associated with a higher risk of concurrent malignancy or progressing to cancer.

Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) expression in multiple renal epithelial tumour subtypes.

Aims: Renal epithelial neoplasms (RENs) can be difficult to subclassify, owing to overlapping morphological features. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) is a common biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC); however, the sensitivity and specificity across REN subtypes are less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate CA9 expression in RENs, especially those in the differential diagnosis with CCRCC and less common entities, to determine its reliability as a diagnostic biomarker.

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan autoanalysis vs manual analysis.

The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is valuable for the determination of 10-yr fracture risk and for antifracture treatment follow-up. Ensuring patient scans are performed with accuracy, and reliability is imperative, requiring both technician competence and regular machine calibration. With DXA, analysis of each scan can be performed either with the machine's default autoanalysis or can be optimized manually.

The cytokines interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α stimulate CFTR-mediated fluid secretion by swine airway submucosal glands.

The airway is kept sterile by an efficient innate defense mechanism. The cornerstone of airway defense is mucus containing diverse antimicrobial factors that kill or inactivate pathogens. Most of the mucus in the upper airways is secreted by airway submucosal glands.