Two-thirds of children with cerebral malaria (CM) exhibit retinopathy characterized by whitening, vessel color changes, and/or hemorrhages. The pathogenesis of malarial retinopathy is not fully understood. This study aimed to assess the relationship between malarial retinopathy and the severity of its components (macular whitening, retinal hemorrhages, and vessel color changes) with the total, circulating, or sequestered parasite load in children with CM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Ibrutinib is an irreversible Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that disrupts B-cell receptor signalling. It is licensed for treatment of low-grade B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. A few case reports in the literature suggest that uveitis may be a side effect of ibrutinib treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Microbial keratitis (MK) is a significant cause of blindness in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigated the feasibility of using a novel corneal impression membrane (CIM) for obtaining and processing samples by culture, PCR and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in patients presenting with suspected MK in Malawi.
Methods And Analysis: Samples were collected from patients presenting with suspected MK using a 12 mm diameter polytetrafluoroethylene CIM disc.
Purpose: Retinal vasculitis (RV) is characterised by retinal vascular leakage, occlusion or both on fluorescein angiography (FA). There is no standard scheme available to segment RV features. We aimed to develop a deep learning model to segment both vascular leakage and occlusion in RV.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Wide-field fluorescein angiography is commonly used to assess retinal vasculitis (RV), which manifests as vascular leakage and occlusion. Currently, there is no standard grading scheme for RV severity. The authors propose a novel RV grading scheme and assess its reliability and reproducibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To assess the efficacy of treatment on acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and relentless placoid chorioretinopathy (RPC).
Methods: Cases were identified from three UK uveitis centers. Retrospective analysis of visual acuity recovery; OCT structural outcomes; and retinal lesion quantification in observed and treated cases of APMPPE/RPC.
Cerebral malaria (CM) remains a common cause of death of children in Africa with annual mortality of 400 000. Malarial retinopathy is a unique set of fundus signs which has diagnostic and prognostic value in CM. Assessment of malarial retinopathy is now widely utilised in clinical care, and routinely incorporated into clinical studies to refine entry criteria.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect
January 2023
Background: Retinal vasculitis is a component of uveitis for which the Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) working group has no standard diagnostic criteria or severity grading. Fluorescein angiography is the gold standard test to assess retinal vasculitis, but is invasive and time-consuming. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides non-invasive detailed imaging of retinal structures and abnormalities, including blood vessel architecture and flow with OCT angiography (OCT-A).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To reassess the underlying pathophysiology of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) and relentless placoid chorioretinitis (RPC) through comparison with the non-inoculated eye of the von Szily animal model of neurotropic viral retinal infection.
Methods: Narrative review.
Results: Literature reports of isolated neurotropic viral entities and rising serological viral titers in APMPPE after presentation support a potential direct infective etiology.
Transl Vis Sci Technol
January 2022
Purpose: Vitreous haze (VH) is a key marker of inflammation in uveitis but limited by its subjectivity. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has potential as an objective, noninvasive method for quantifying VH. We test the hypotheses that OCT can reliably quantify VH and the measurement is associated with slit-lamp based grading of VH.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Currently, no generally approved medical treatment can delay the onset of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or slow the progression of degenerative changes. Repurposing drugs with beneficial effects on AMD pathophysiology offers a route to new treatments which is faster, cost-effective, and safer for patients. Recent studies indicate a potential role for metformin in delaying AMD development and progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: In cerebral malaria, the retina can be used to understand disease pathogenesis. The mechanisms linking sequestration, brain swelling, and death remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that retinal vascular leakage would be associated with brain swelling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: The 2-year ophthalmic sequelae of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in survivors of the 2013 to 2016 epidemic is unknown and may have public health implications for future outbreaks.
Objective: To assess the potential for uveitis recurrence, the behavior of dark without pressure, and visual outcomes in a cohort of Sierra Leonean survivors of EVD 2 years following the 2013 to 2016 Ebola epidemic.
Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective, 1-year observational cohort study performed between 2016 and 2017 at 34 Military Hospital, Freetown, Sierra Leone.
We describe a case series of 35 Ebola virus disease (EVD) survivors during the epidemic in West Africa who had neurologic and accompanying psychiatric sequelae. Survivors meeting neurologic criteria were invited from a cohort of 361 EVD survivors to attend a preliminary clinic. Those whose severe neurologic features were documented in the preliminary clinic were referred for specialist neurologic evaluation, ophthalmologic examination, and psychiatric assessment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To describe treatment outcomes in a cohort of Caucasian patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).
Methods: Clinical charts from 48 eyes of 45 Caucasian patients with PCV were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were diagnosed with indocyanine green angiography.
Importance: Differentiation between Ebola retinal lesions and other retinal pathologies in West Africa is important, and the pathogenesis of Ebola retinal disease remains poorly understood.
Objective: To describe the appearance of Ebola virus disease (EVD) retinal lesions using multimodal imaging to enable inferences on potential pathogenesis.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective case series study was carried out at 34 Military Hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone.
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