Practices and Applications of Heart Rate Variability Monitoring in Endurance Athletes.

Heart rate variability reflects fluctuations in the changes in consecutive heartbeats, providing insight into cardiac autonomic function and overall physiological state. Endurance athletes typically demonstrate better cardiac autonomic function than non-athletes, with lower resting heart rates and greater variability. The availability and use of heart rate variability metrics has increased in the broader population and may be particularly useful to endurance athletes.

Assessment of a Treadmill Speed Incline Conversion Chart: A Validation Study.

Purpose: To investigate the validity of a treadmill speed incline conversion chart using physiological and subjective measures.

Methods: Two groups of experienced runners (SLOW and FAST: divided based on their easy run pace) ran 6 speed incline combinations for 5 minutes each. Stages were equivalent according to the HillRunner.

Redox Signaling and Sarcopenia: Searching for the Primary Suspect.

Sarcopenia, the age-related decline in muscle mass and function, derives from multiple etiological mechanisms. Accumulative research suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation plays a critical role in the development of this pathophysiological disorder. In this communication, we review the various signaling pathways that control muscle metabolic and functional integrity such as protein turnover, cell death and regeneration, inflammation, organismic damage, and metabolic functions.