Adiposity influences intraindividual variability in behavioral and neuroelectric indices of attentional inhibition.

While overweight or obesity are thought to affect over 70% of the US population, the effects of adiposity on neurocognitive efficiency and stability remain unclear. Intra-individual variability or trial-to-trial variability (IIV) could provide insights into the influence of adiposity on neurophysiological stability. However, previous work examining the association between adiposity and IIV of cognitive outcomes is limited.

Evaluation of self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) weight on firefighter stamina, comfort, and postural stability.

Firefighters wear personal protective equipment to protect them from the thermal and chemical environment in which they operate. The self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) provides isolation of the airway from the hazardous fireground. National standards limit SCBA weight, however, integration of additional features could result in an SCBA exceeding the current limit.

Dietary patterns and carotenoid intake: Comparisons of MIND, Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index.

The Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary pattern is associated with reduced cognitive decline and dementia risk. However, the nutrient features that distinguish the MIND from other patterns are unknown. We investigated the relationship between accordance to the MIND pattern and carotenoid intake (phytonutrients hypothesized to confer neuroprotection) relative to the Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2020).

Acute Microbial Protease Supplementation Increases Net Postprandial Plasma Amino Acid Concentrations After Pea Protein Ingestion in Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Background: Digestibility is a primary factor in determining the quality of dietary protein. Microbial protease supplementation may be a strategy for improving protein digestion and subsequent postprandial plasma amino acid availability.

Objectives: To assess the effect of co-ingesting a microbial protease mixture with pea protein on postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations.

Postabsorptive and postprandial myofibrillar protein synthesis rates at rest and after resistance exercise in women with postmenopause.

Feeding and resistance exercise stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) rates in healthy adults. This anabolic characterization of "healthy adults" has been namely focused on males. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the temporal responses of MPS and anabolic signaling to resistance exercise alone or combined with the ingestion of protein in postmenopausal females and compare postabsorptive rates with young females.

International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Effects of essential amino acid supplementation on exercise and performance.

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them.

MIND dietary pattern adherence is inversely associated with visceral adiposity and features of metabolic syndrome.

The effects of following the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on metabolic health remains understudied. This cross-sectional analysis of 163 adults investigated associations between adherence to the MIND, Mediterranean, DASH, and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) diets and metabolic syndrome (MetS) features and visceral adiposity. We hypothesized that the MIND diet would show the most beneficial associations with MetS risk factors.

Postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis is higher in outpatients as compared to inpatients.

Several factors affect muscle protein synthesis (MPS) in the postabsorptive state. Extreme physical inactivity (e.g.

Underpinning the Food Matrix Regulation of Postexercise Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis by Comparing Salmon Ingestion With the Sum of Its Isolated Nutrients in Healthy Young Adults.

Background: Protein is most commonly consumed as whole foods as opposed to single nutrients. However, the food matrix regulation of the postprandial muscle protein synthetic response has received little attention.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of eating salmon (SAL) and of ingesting the same nutrients as an isolated mixture of crystalline amino acids and fish oil (ISO) on the stimulation of postexercise myofibrillar protein synthesis (MPS) and whole-body leucine oxidation rates in healthy young adults.

Dietary fiber intake and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations are associated with lower plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and inflammation.

Consuming adequate dietary fiber is a promising strategy for reducing systemic inflammation. The objective was to evaluate relationships between dietary fiber intake, markers of metabolic endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation in adults. This was a cross-sectional study of 129 healthy participants (age 33.

Protein quality and the food matrix: defining optimal versus maximal meal-based protein intakes for stimulating muscle protein synthesis.

This paper examines the opinion that we should aim to optimize, rather than maximize, protein intakes to avoid over-emphasizing muscle-centric protein requirements. An optimal eating approach strives to minimize amino acid oxidative waste and more efficiently stimulate postprandial muscle protein accretion. To do this, practitioners should acknowledge higher quality protein foods as better in delivering target amounts of amino acids into circulation, and the food matrix (e.

Associations between Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity and Fecal Microbiota in Adults with Overweight and Obesity.

Purpose: We aimed to assess whether total daily physical activity (PA), PA intensities, sedentary time (ST), and prolonged ST are associated with differences in the gut microbiota composition or short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile of adults with overweight or obesity.

Methods: Cross-sectional associations between total daily PA (counts per minute), PA intensities (light and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA)), ST, prolonged ST, and fecal microbiota composition were assessed in adults ( n = 124) between 25 and 45 yr of age with body mass index ≥25 kg·m -2 . Fecal microbiota composition was assessed with 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Leucine ingestion promotes mTOR translocation to the periphery and enhances total and peripheral RPS6 phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle.

The activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a master regulator of protein synthesis, by anabolic stimuli (such as muscle contraction or essential amino acids) involves its translocation to the cell periphery. Leucine is generally considered the most anabolic of amino acids for its ability to independently modulate muscle protein synthesis. However, it is currently unknown if free leucine impacts region-specific mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation events and protein-protein interactions.

Sex-based comparisons of muscle cellular adaptations after 10 weeks of progressive resistance training in middle-aged adults.

Resistance training combined with adequate protein intake supports skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy. These adaptations are supported by the action of muscle stem cells (MuSCs), which are regulated, in part, by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and circulating factors delivered through capillaries. It is unclear if middle-aged males and females have similar adaptations to resistance training at the cellular level.

Cathepsin B and Muscular Strength are Independently Associated with Cognitive Control.

Although muscular strength has been linked to greater cognitive function across different cognitive domains, the mechanism(s) through which this occurs remain(s) poorly understood. Indeed, while an emerging body of literature suggests peripheral myokines released from muscular contractions may play a role in this relationship, additional research is needed to understand this link. Accordingly, this study sought to compare the influences of a particular myokine, Cathepsin B (CTSB), and muscular strength on hippocampal-dependent relational memory and cognitive control in 40 adults (age = 50.

Neuroelectric indices of motor response preparation are selectively associated with physical activity among adults with obesity.

Previous work has demonstrated that physical activity and weight status are associated with attentional inhibition (indexed with the P3 component of event-related potentials). However, there is limited knowledge on the neural underpinnings of motor response planning and activation. This study investigated the effect of weight status on relationships between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the lateralized readiness potential (LRP), a neuroelectric index of motor response planning and activation.

MIND Dietary Pattern Adherence Is Selectively Associated with Cognitive Processing Speed in Middle-Aged Adults.

Background: Most previous work has focused on a single-nutrient, bottom-up approach when examining the influence of diet on neurocognition. Thus, the impact of dietary patterns on cognitive health is underinvestigated.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the relation between different diet indices [i.

Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation, but not Creatyl-L-Leucine, Increased Muscle Creatine Content in Healthy Young Adults: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Creatine (Cr) supplementation is a well-established strategy to enhance gains in strength, lean body mass, and power from a period of resistance training. However, the effectiveness of creatyl-L-leucine (CLL), a purported Cr amide, is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of CLL on muscle Cr content.

The role of L-type amino acid transporter 1 () during in vitro myogenesis.

Satellite cells are required for muscle regeneration, remodeling, and repair through their activation, proliferation, and differentiation; however, how dietary factors regulate this process remains poorly understood. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) transports amino acids, such as leucine, into mature myofibers, which then stimulate protein synthesis and anabolic signaling. However, whether LAT1 is expressed on myoblasts and is involved in regulating myogenesis is unknown.

Muscle strength after resistance training correlates to mediators of muscle mass and mitochondrial respiration in middle-aged adults.

Skeletal muscle aging is a multidimensional pathology of atrophy, reduced strength, and oxidative damage. Although some molecular targets may mediate both hypertrophic and oxidative adaptations in muscle, their responsiveness in humans and relationship with functional outcomes like strength remain unclear. Promising therapeutic targets to combat muscle aging like apelin, vitamin D receptor (VDR), and spermine oxidase (SMOX) have been investigated in preclinical models but the adaptive response in humans is not well defined.

Advanced Glycation End Products and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients After the Ingestion of a Protein-Dense Meal.

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate circulating and skeletal muscle inflammatory biomarkers between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and demographic-matched control subjects (CON) before and after ingestion of a protein-rich meal.

Design And Methods: CON (n = 8; 50 ± 2 years; 31 ± 1 kg/m) and MHD patients (n = 8; 56 ± 5 years; 32 ± 2 kg/m) underwent a basal blood draw and muscle biopsy and serial blood draws after the ingestion of a mixed meal on a nondialysis day. Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and markers of oxidation were assessed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after the meal (+240 min).