Gastric Cancer Risk and Pathogenesis in and Carriers.

Carriers of a pathogenic germline variant (PV) in or are at increased risk for a number of malignancies, including breast, ovarian, pancreatic, and prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss emerging evidence that PV carriers, and likely also PV carriers, are also at increased risk for gastric cancer (GC), highlighting that GC may be part of the cancer risk spectrum. While the pathogenesis of GC among PV carriers remains unclear, increasing evidence reveals that GCs are often enriched with mutations in homologous recombination-associated genes such as , and that GC prognosis and response to certain therapies can depend on BRCA1/2 expression.

Alcohol consumption and risk of inflammatory bowel disease among three prospective US cohorts.

Background And Aims: There are limited data on alcohol dose and types and risk of Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). We therefore sought to comprehensively examine the association between alcohol consumption and risk of CD and UC.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 237,835 participants from the Nurses' Health Study, Nurses' Health Study II, and Health Professional Follow-Up Study.

STAT: Mobile app helps clinicians manage inpatient emergencies.

In response to the unprecedented surge of patients with COVID-19, Massachusetts General Hospital created both repurposed and de-novo COVID-19 inpatient general medicine and intensive care units. The clinicians staffing these new services included those who typically worked in these care settings (e.g.

Interventions to Decrease Unplanned Healthcare Utilization and Improve Quality of Care in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) care and outcomes exhibit substantial variability, suggesting quality gaps. We aimed to identify interventions to narrow these gaps.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and Web of Science through May 2021 to find manuscripts and abstracts reporting quality improvement (QI) interventions in IBD.

Alcohol Consumption is Associated With An Increased Risk of Microscopic Colitis: Results From 2 Prospective US Cohort Studies.

Background: No dietary factors have yet been shown to conclusively impact the incidence of microscopic colitis (MC). Here, we sought to examine the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of MC.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 209,902 participants (age range, 28.

Opioid Use Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Despite reported adverse effects of opioids in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the burden of opioid use in this population appears to be high. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of prior studies to determine the prevalence of opioid use among patients with IBD as well as risk factors and outcomes associated with opioid use in this population.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library through November of 2019.

Success of Direct-Acting, Antiviral-Based Therapy for Chronic Hepatitis C Is Not Affected by Type 2 Diabetes.

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. In the era of interferon-based HCV therapy, type 2 diabetes was associated with decreased likelihood of sustained virologic response (SVR). Preliminary studies suggest that type 2 diabetes may not reduce the efficacy of regimens involving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) medications.

Liver transplant candidates have impaired quality of life across health domains as assessed by computerized testing.

Introduction And Objectives: Liver transplantation candidates are among the most comorbid patients awaiting lifesaving intervention. Health related quality of life (HRQOL) measured by instruments that incorporate dynamic computerized adaptive testing, could improve their assessment. We aimed to determine the feasibility of administration of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS-CAT) in liver transplant candidates.

Zinc Deficiency and the Recurrence of Infection after Fecal Microbiota Transplant: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is an effective therapy for recurrent infection (CDI). However, in 12% of patients treated with FMT, CDI recurs within one month. Zinc deficiency predicts increased diarrheal frequency in malnourished children, but little is known about its association with FMT outcome.

Increased risk of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.

Objective: Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and portal vein thrombosis (PVT). Cirrhosis due to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) appears to be particularly prothrombotic. We investigated hospitalized patients with NASH cirrhosis to determine if they are at increased risk for VTE.

Innovation and entrepreneurship programs in US medical education: a landscape review and thematic analysis.

Background: Training in innovation and entrepreneurship (I&E) in medical education has become increasingly prevalent among medical schools to train students in complex problem solving and solution design.

Objective: We aim to characterize I&E education in US allopathic medical schools to provide insight into the features and objectives of this growing field.

Design: I&E programs were identified in 2016 via structured searches of 158 US allopathic medical school websites.

Effect of Treatment with Direct Acting Antiviral on Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Hepatitis C.

Introduction And Aim: The effect of the new direct acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (HCV) on glycemic control is unknown.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who were treated for chronic HCV with direct-acting antiviral medications at a single academic institution between May 2013 and April 2016. Univariate analysis was performed comparing subjects pre- and post-treatment.

Automated analysis of investigational near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging in humans.

ALFIA (Automated Lymphatic Function Imaging Analysis), an algorithm providing quantitative analysis of investigational near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic images, is described. Images from nine human subjects were analyzed for apparent lymphatic propagation velocities and propulsion periods using manual analysis and ALFIA. While lymphatic propulsion was more easily detected using ALFIA than with manual analysis, statistical analyses indicate no significant difference in the apparent lymphatic velocities although ALFIA tended to calculate longer propulsion periods.