Gallbladder Pancreatic Heterotopia-The Importance of Diagnostic Imaging in Managing Intraoperative Findings.

Pancreatic heterotopy is a rare entity defined as the presence of abnormally located pancreatic tissue without any anatomical or vascular connection to the normal pancreas. Heterotopic pancreatic tissue can be found in various regions of the digestive system, such as the stomach, duodenum, and upper jejunum, with the less commonly reported location being the gallbladder. Gallbladder pancreatic heterotopia can be either an incidental finding or diagnosed in association with cholecystitis.

Musicogenic seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy: Case reports based on ictal source localization analysis.

Musicogenic epilepsy is a rare form of reflex epilepsy in which seizures are provoked by music. Different musicogenic stimuli have been identified: pleasant/unpleasant music or specific musical patterns. Several etiologies have been uncovered, such as focal cortical dysplasia, autoimmune encephalitis, tumors, or unspecific gliosis.

Continuous glucose monitoring devices: A brief presentation (Review).

As diabetes prevalence is continuously increasing, better management is needed to achieve blood glucose control, in order to prevent complications and lessen the burden of this disease. Since the first measurement of glycosuria at the beginning of the 1900s', huge advances were made in monitoring glycemia. Continuous glucose monitoring systems revolutionized diabetes management, especially for patients with type 1 diabetes.

Overview of the anatomical basis of the piriformis syndrome-dissection with magnetic resonance correlation.

The piriformis syndrome is one of the most commonly misdiagnosed causes of lower back and gluteal pain caused by the compression of the sciatic nerve and the internal pudendal neurovascular bundle by the piriformis muscle. Although this syndrome was first suggested over 90 years ago, its diagnosis still represents a challenge for clinicians. In the present study, dissection was used to determine the intra- and extrapelvic anatomical course of the internal pudendal nerve and the data were compared with the information obtainable through MRI examination, in order to identify the piriformis syndrome and to differentiate it from other causes of internal pudendal neuralgia.

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway involvement in renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis (Review).

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for over 90% of all renal malignancies, and mainly affects the male population. Obesity and smoking are involved in the pathogenesis of several systemic cancers including RCC. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, migration, survival, angiogenesis, and metabolism.

Impact of adipose tissue in chronic kidney disease development (Review).

Obesity is a worldwide pandemic health issue. Obesity is associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and kidney diseases. This systemic disease can affect the kidneys by two mechanisms: Indirectly through diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension and directly through adipokines secreted by adipose tissue.

Cingulate cortex function and multi-modal connectivity mapped using intracranial stimulation.

The cingulate cortex is part of the limbic system. Its function and connectivity are organized in a rostro-caudal and ventral-dorsal manner which was addressed by various other studies using rather coarse cortical parcellations. In this study, we aim at describing its function and connectivity using invasive recordings from patients explored for focal drug-resistant epilepsy.

Fatal outcome of gastric perforation due to infection with Sarcina spp. A case report.

is an extremely rare pathogen. These gram-positive cocci bacteria are rarely identified in gastric biopsies and usually described in the scientific literature as an incidental finding, particularly in patients with delayed gastric emptying, gastroparesis, emphysematous gastritis or gastric perforation. It occurs most commonly in adult women and can be identified easily by its distinctive morphologic features, such as basophilic staining, cuboidal shape, tetrad arrangement, red blood cell-sized packets, flattened cell walls, and refractile nature in bright field microscopy.

Appendiceal Mass - Dilemmas Regarding Extension of the Resection.

Starting from a typical case, we try to highlight the main critical elements, both in the diagnostic algorithm and in the therapeutic one. We hereby present a 54-year old patient, known with hepatic steatosis and renal microlithiasis, which undergoes an ultrasonography in ambulatory, on the background of unsystematised abdominal discomfort; the ultrasound reveals the presence of a tumoral mass in the right iliac fossa.

New insights in the molecular pathways linking obesity, type 2 diabetes and cancer.

Steadily, cancer is becoming the first cause of mortality, with over 9 million deaths estimated in 2018. Increasing evidence supports a direct association between obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cancer, with a higher risk of cancer mortality especially for some of the most common malignancies, such as breast, colon, and rectal cancers. So far, several mechanisms underlying the cancer-diabetes relationship have been investigated revealing dysregulations of the insulin-insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system as the most important paradigm.

Histology of Male Breast Lesions. Series of Cases and Literature Review.

Background: Breast carcinoma is the most important cause of death in women's oncologic pathology worldwide. Due to its high frequency, important advances in diagnostic and management of this entity were made. Because of its rarity (only 0.

Emerging concepts and latest advances regarding the etiopathogenesis, morphology and immunophenotype of basal cell carcinoma.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) represents the most common skin malignancy, which has been linked over time to multifactorial causes. It usually occurs on sun-exposed areas in people with fair skin and with predilection for men. BCC usually affects elderly patients and has an extremely wide range of histological subtypes, which can present clinically under different variants, some with really challenging differentials.

Immunohistochemical mismatch in a case of rhabdomyoblastic metastatic melanoma.

Melanomas can exhibit a wide range of unusual morphologies due to the neural crest origin of melanocytes. Several authors have documented variations in size and shape of cells, cytoplasmic features and inclusions, nuclear features and cell architecture. Metastatic melanoma with rhabdomyoblastic differentiation is an extremely rare condition with poor prognosis.

Cutaneous microcystic/reticular schwannoma: case report and literature review of an exceedingly rare entity with an unusual presentation.

Conventional schwannoma represents a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor derived from Schwann cells, which usually arises in the fourth or fifth decade of life, in the subcutaneous tissue of the distal extremities, or in the head and neck region of adult patients, with no gender predilection. In addition to the classic type, at least 11 different histopathological subtypes have been described and unawareness of these uncommon histopathological entities may lead to diagnostic pitfalls and risk of mistreatment. Recently described in the scientific literature, microcystic/reticular schwannoma is still relatively unknown to both surgeons and pathologists.