Unveiling SmearOFF Efficacy in Smear Layer Removal through Ultrasonic Activation Examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

A layer of smear that coats the walls of root canals is produced by root canal instrumentation, which could be unfavorable to endodontic therapy. The endodontic irrigant SmearOFF is designed to effectively remove both the smear layer and bacteria concurrently. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of SmearOFF and 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer across the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canals.

Novel incorporation of charged hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into resin adhesive.

The direct mixing of Nano-hydroxyapatite with Resin Adhesive often leads to weak molecular interactions, which can compromise the dispersion of Nano-hydroxyapatite within the resin adhesive and cause structural damage to the Nano-hydroxyapatite. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify an approach in which Nano-hydroxyapatite is charged or modified prior to its integration into resin adhesive. In this study, Nano-hydroxyapatite was modified using aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS), subsequently, the amine groups present on the surface of Nano-hydroxyapatite were additionally modified using succinic anhydride.