Developmental & Comparative Immunology Lipoxin B and lipocalin play a crucial role in insect immune-priming induced by a gut microbial commensal.

Host cabbage possesses an endophyte, Bacillus subtilis, which induced immune-priming of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. In contrast, larvae raised under axenic conditions lost the chance to feed the bacteria and were highly susceptible to various pathogens. Addition of B.

Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Suppresses the Antiviral Response of the Insect Vector, , by Elevating an Immunosuppressive C18 Oxylipin Level Using Its Virulent Factor, NSs.

(tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV) is transmitted by the western flower thrips, . Epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) function as immune-suppressive factors, particularly in insects infected by viral pathogens. These oxylipins are produced by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) and are degraded by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH).

Enhanced baculoviral virulence by suppressing the degradation of an insect immune resolvin, epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acid, in three lepidopteran insects.

Epoxyoctadecamonoenoic acids (EpOMEs) are produced from linoleic acid by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) and play a crucial role in terminating excessive and unnecessary immune responses during the late infection stage in insects. This suggests that an increase in the EpOME level may enhance the virulence of insect pathogens against pests. This study tested this hypothesis using a specific inhibitor against soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to degrade EpOMEs, which leads to elevated endogenous EpOME levels.

Insect immune resolution with EpOME/DiHOME and its dysregulation by their analogs leading to pathogen hypersensitivity.

Upon immune challenge, recognition signals trigger insect immunity to remove the pathogens through cellular and humoral responses. Various immune mediators propagate the immune signals to nearby tissues, in which polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derivatives play crucial roles. However, little was known on how the insects terminate the activated immune responses after pathogen neutralization.

Genetic diversity and evolutionary analyses of potyviruses infecting narcissus in Iran.

Unlabelled: Potyviruses are among the most important pathogens of dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous ornamentals and crop plants. In this study, leaf samples were collected from symptomatic narcissus plants and weeds in Fars and Tehran provinces of Iran. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using broad-spectrum potyvirus antibodies gave a positive reaction with 38 out of 61 narcissus samples tested (62.