In Vivo Efficacy of Decoction as a Therapeutic for Cows at Risk of Clinical Endometritis.

Clinical endometritis (CE) is a multifactorial disease of dairy animals. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis are the major risk factors of CE in dairy cows. Because uterine inflammation affects the profitability of the dairy industry, antibiotics and hormonal therapies are commonly used to mitigate against the disease.

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Cattle Isolates, Algeria.

(), a complex species responsible for tuberculosis in cattle and zoonotic tuberculosis in humans, is present in Algeria. In Algeria however, the population structure is unknown, limiting understanding of the sources and transmission of bovine tuberculosis. In this study, we identified the whole genome sequence (WGS) of 13 strains isolated from animals exhibiting lesions compatible with tuberculosis, which were slaughtered and inspected in five slaughterhouses in Algeria.

Mycobacterium bovis Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Algeria.

We analyzed 98 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates collected in 2 regions of Algeria in 2015-2018 from 93 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. We identified 93/98 isolates as M. tuberculosis lineage 4 and 1 isolate as M.

Additive action of royal jelly and honey against Staphylococcus aureus.

Four varieties of honey and one variety of freshly reaped royal jelly (RJ) were used to evaluate their additive action against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29523). In a first step honey and RJ were used separately to determine their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the tested strain. In a second step, lower concentrations of honey than the MIC were added to lower concentrations of RJ than the MIC and then incorporated into media to determine the minimum additive inhibitory concentration.

Sahara honey shows higher potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to north Algerian types of honey.

Six varieties of honey from different regions in Algeria were used to determine their potency against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Four varieties originated from northern Algeria, and two from the Sahara. Three types of media were used.

Nucleolus organizer regions and nucleoli in preattachment bovine embryos.

Embryos (1-cell to elongated blastocyst stage) were recovered from superovulated heifers at surgery (Days 2-4; oestrus = Day 0), after slaughter (Day 4), or by transcervical flushing (Days 6, 7 and 14). The 175 embryos were cultured for 4, 8, 24 or 48 h, fixed on slides and sequentially stained with Giemsa and silver nitrate. Twenty-three 2-cell to blastocyst-stage embryos were fixed, embedded and examined by transmission electron microscopy.

Development of the nucleolus in early goat embryos.

In vivo nucleologenesis was studied in goat embryos from the pronuclear stage to the blastocyst stage by light and electron microscopy. Ultrastructural changes of the nucleoli were characterized by the following progression: homogeneous electron-dense fibrillar primary nucleoli in the pronucleus; small, dense fibrillar masses dispersed in clusters of chromatin at the two-cell stage; ring-shaped nucleoli made up of a fibrillar center surrounded by a layer of dense fibrillar components at the four-cell stage; reticulated nucleoli composed of a three-dimensional network of fibrillar components surrounded by small amounts of granular components at the eight-cell stage; fully developed compact-type nucleoli consisting of several fibrillar centers each surrounded by a layer of fibrillar components and abundant granular components in morulae and blastocysts. Moreover, it was concluded that activation of rRNA transcription, as evidenced by specific silver nitrate staining of the nucleolus organizer regions of metaphase chromosomes, occurs at the two- to four-cell stage and that the morphological changes accompanied a substantial increase in nucleolar transcriptional activity up to the blastocyst stage.