Coptisine improves LPS-induced anxiety-like behaviors by regulating the Warburg effect in microglia via PKM2.

Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia is considered the primary cause and pathological process of anxiety. Abnormal glycolysis of microglia is observed during microglia activation. However, whether regulating the Warburg effect in microglia can effectively intervene anxiety and its potential mechanisms have not been elucidated.

An Exosome-Based Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease with Berberine and Palmatine.

Introduction: Neuroinflammation is one of the major pathogeneses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mainly involves abnormal inflammatory activation of microglia by multiple pathological stimuli. The treatment of AD remains a major challenge due to the multifactorial characterization of AD and the inefficient ability of therapeutic drugs to permeate through the blood‒brain barrier (BBB). Accordingly, drug combination treatment and drug carrier delivery have become important therapeutic tools for the treatment of multifactorial diseases, especially AD.

Berberine ameliorates depression-like behavior in CUMS mice by activating TPH1 and inhibiting IDO1-associated with tryptophan metabolism.

Berberine, which is a potential antidepressant, exhibits definite efficiency in modulating the gut microbiota. Depressive behaviors in mice induced using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation were evaluated by behavioral experiments. The markers of neurons and synapses were measured using immunohistochemical staining.

Vagus nerve stimulated by microbiota-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the regulation of berberine on microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats.

Amelioration of neuroinflammation via modulating microglia is a promising approach for cerebral ischemia therapy. The aim of the present study was to explore gut-brain axis signals in berberine-modulating microglia polarization following cerebral ischemia. The potential pathway was determined through analyzing the activation of the vagus nerve, hydrogen sulfide (H S) metabolism, and cysteine persulfides of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor.

Involvement of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on Microglia with Abnormal Sphingolipid Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) has been used to treat dementia and improve learning and memory impairments.

Purpose: To study the therapeutic effect of HLJDD on AD as it relates to sphingolipid metabolism.

Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of reserpine-induced depression in mice intervened by berberine.

Proteomic analysis of reserpine-induced depression and the effects of berberine on this were investigated to delineate the possible underlying mechanism. Reserpine was used for the model of behavioral depression. Model mice were treated with berberine.

Uncovering the Potential Mechanisms of Franch. for Serious Mental Illness by Network Pharmacology and Pharmacology-Based Analysis.

Background: Serious mental illness is a disease with complex etiological factors that requires multiple interventions within a holistic disease system. With heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, Franch. is mainly used to treat serious mental illness.

Potential Mechanism of on Lipid Metabolism Explored via Network Pharmacology and Untargeted Lipidomics.

Background: , a traditional herb, has great potential in treating diseases associated with aberrant lipid metabolism, such as inflammation, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

Aim Of The Study: To elucidate the mechanism by which modulates lipid metabolism and explore the medicinal effects of at a holistic level.

Materials And Methods: The potential active ingredients of and targets involved in regulating lipid metabolism were identified using a network pharmacology approach.

Analysis of Antidepressant Activity of Huang-Lian Jie-Du Decoction Through Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics.

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure. As the Herbal medicines are mainly used as complementary and alternative therapy for depression. This study aimed at exploring antidepressant activity of Huang-lian Jie-du Decoction (HLJDD), and evaluating active components and potential depression-associated targets.

Phytochemical analysis of bioactive fraction from the extract of Crocus sativus petal by LC-MS and its effect on secretion of nerve growth factors in rat c6 glioma cells.

This article was aimed to analyze the bioactive ethyl acetate fraction from the extract of Crocus sativus petal by LC-MS and to study its antidepressant effect. Antidepressant test was performed employing rat C6 glioma cells model. The major compounds from ethyl acetate fraction were cinnamic acid derivatives, which primarily included methylcinnamaldehydes, carboxycinnamylic acid carboxyphenethyl ester, carboxyvinylcinnamyl alcohol propinate, 3-acetoxy-4-propoxycinnamylic acid, carboxycinnamylic acid glycol ester, vinnylcinnamylic acid hexylene glycol ester and cinnamylic acid.

Preventive effect of total glycosides from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus against nonalcoholic fatty liver in mice.

The protective effects of the total glycosides from Ligustri Lucidi Fructus against nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in mice were investigated. Liver injury was induced by the administration of high fat diet for 60 days. During this period, the model group received high fat diet only; the treatment groups received various drugs plus high fat diet.

[Study on Chemical Constituents of Fermented Antrodia camphorata Powder].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of fermented Antrodia camphorata powder.

Methods: 15 compounds were isolated from Antrodia camphorata by Silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, gel column chromatography, preparative liquid phase chromatography separation technique, as well as recrystallization.

Results: On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data,their structures were identified as Ferulic acid (1), Inositol (2), β-Sitosterol (3),Vanillin (4),Vanillic acid (5), Butyric acid (6), Daucosterol (7), p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Lauric acid (9), Inosine (10), Uridine (11), Adenine (12), D(+)-Sucrose (13), Arachidic acid (14) and Guanosine (15).

Daucosterol protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-mediated injury by activating IGF1 signaling pathway.

We previously reported that daucosterol (a sterolin) up-regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1)(1) protein in neural stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of daucosterol on the survival of cultured cortical neurons after neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion (OGD/R)(2), and determined the corresponding molecular mechanism. The results showed that post-treatment of daucosterol significantly reduced neuronal loss, as well as apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity, displaying the neuroprotective activity.

Simultaneous determination of 19 fatty acids in Antrodia camphorata by derivatized GC-MS and evaluation of antioxidant activity of Antrodia camphorata crude oil.

To analyze the components of the fatty oil extracted from Antrodia camphorata fungus powder and to evaluate the antioxidant activity of A. camphorata crude oil. A derivatized gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was developed for the quantification of 19 fatty acids in extracts of A.

[Determination of inorganic elements in Antrodia camphorata powder by ICP-MS].

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous analysis of 22 inorganic elements in Antrodia camphorata powder by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum had been detected and compared.

Methods: The sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion and the contents of elements were calculated according to their calibration curves.

Microarray Analysis of mRNA and MicroRNA Expression Profile Reveals the Role of β -Sitosterol-D-glucoside in the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cell.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of β -sitosterol-D-glucoside (BSSG) on the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs and to determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of CCK-8 assay showed that BSSG significantly increased NSC proliferation and the effectiveness of BSSG was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor.

Daucosterol promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of daucosterol (a sterolin) on the promotion of NSC proliferation and determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that daucosterol significantly increased the quantity of viable cells and the effectiveness of daucosterol was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).

Simultaneous determination of 10 nucleosides and nucleobases in Antrodia camphorata using QTRAP LC-MS/MS.

A liquid chromatography-triple-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QTrap-MS) analysis has been developed for the identification and quantification of 10 nucleosides and nucleobases in extracts of Antrodia camphorata. The method was successfully used to qualitatively identify for six nucleosides namely, cytidine, uridine, inosine, guanosine, thymidine, adenosine and four nucleobases namely, uracil, guanine, xanthine, adenine in A. camphorata.

Comparison of three officinal Chinese pharmacopoeia species of Glycyrrhiza based on separation and quantification of triterpene saponins and chemometrics analysis.

The dried roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza species, named licorice, have been utilized as food as well as crude drugs in China for thousands of years. Glycyrrhiza species can be differentiated based on the morphologic features of their aerial part, i.e.

Casbane diterpenoids from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis.

Four casbane diterpenoids, together with three known related compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and comparison with the known related compounds. In addition, the absolute configuration of three compounds was determined by the modified Mosher's method.

[Preliminary analysis of quality of Antrodia camphorata powder].

Objective: To proceed a preliminary analysis of the quality of Antrodia camphorata powder.

Methods: The contents of water-soluble extract were detected according to the standards stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. UV-VIS was used to analyze total polysaccharide and triterpenoid.

Simultaneous determination of triterpenoid saponins in dog plasma by a validated UPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after administration of total saponin of licorice.

A rapid and sensitive ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of eight constituents, uralsaponin C, uralsaponin F, 22β-acetoxyl-glycyrrhizin, 24-hydroxy-licorice-saponin E2, licorice-saponin G2, licorice-saponin E2, glycyrrhizin, and licorice-saponin J2, from total saponin of licorice (TSL) in dog plasma. Ardisiacrispin A was used as the internal standard (IS). The separation was performed on Thermo Syncronic C₁₈ column (100 mm × 2.

Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids from the Pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC. by UPLC-MS/MS.

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine 7 hydroxy fatty acids in the pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.

Two new nonacosanetriols from Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta.

Two new fatty alcohols named as (7S,8R,11S)-nonacosanetriol (1) and (10R,12R,15S)-nonacosanetriol (2), along with eight known compounds including ginkgolic acid (3), hydroginkgolic acid (4), sciadopitysin (5), ginkgetin (6), isoginkgetin (7), ginkgolide A (8), ginkgolide B (9) and ginkgolide C (10) have been isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Ginkgo biloba sarcotesta. Their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2 was elucidated on the spectroscopic analysis of the R- and S-MTPA esters.

Antithrombotic phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

A new coumestan, named glycyrurol, and nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis and literature data, and anticoagulative assay found significant antithrombotic activity of compounds 4, 8 and 10.