Global viewpoints: proposals for the development of endourology in resource-limited countries in Africa.

Endourology plays an important role in modern urological practice. Compared to open surgery, it offers many advantages. In Africa, endourology is not widely practiced or non-existent in some referral centres.

Place of urolithiasis in the spectrum of urological pathologies, practices and use of endourological procedures in the management of calculi of the upper urinary tract: results of a survey of referral centres in Africa.

Our aim was to determine the current trend of endourology in the management of upper urinary tract calculi in Africa reference centres. We conducted an online multiple-choice questionnaire survey involving 46 centres from 27 countries using a structured well-designed Google Form (®) questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed to the head of service through their emails.

Epidemiology and composition of upper urinary tract lithiasis in Senegalese population: a multicenter retrospective study.

Urolithiasis is a major public health issue due to its increasing prevalence. The objective of this study was to describe the spectrophotometric profile of upper urinary tract stones (UTS) in Senegal. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study of all patients treated for upper UTS whose chemical composition was analyzed from January 2014 to January 2020 in eight regions of Senegal.

Heterogeneous genetic architectures and evolutionary genomics of prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Men of African descent have the highest prostate cancer (CaP) incidence and mortality rates, yet the genetic basis of CaP in African men has been understudied. We used genomic data from 3,963 CaP cases and 3,509 controls recruited in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, to infer ancestry-specific genetic architectures and fine-mapped disease associations. Fifteen independent associations at 8q24.

Global viewpoints: updates on prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with high incidence and mortality rates. However, the widely used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is not readily available or affordable in SSA. Alternative screening strategies, such as risk stratification approaches and cost-effective PSA tests, are being explored to target high-risk individuals and improve access to screening.

Evaluation of knowledge of priapism in sickle cell patients in Senegal.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction is a dreadful complication of priapism especially with delay in diagnosis and management. The lack of awareness of priapism as a vaso-occlusive complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) is more concerning. The objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of priapism in adult Senegalese males adults with sickle cell disease.

Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry.

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility.

Objective: To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry.

Testing the generalizability of ancestry-specific polygenic risk scores to predict prostate cancer in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Genome-wide association studies do not always replicate well across populations, limiting the generalizability of polygenic risk scores (PRS). Despite higher incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in men of African descent, much of what is known about cancer genetics comes from populations of European descent. To understand how well genetic predictions perform in different populations, we evaluated test characteristics of PRS from three previous studies using data from the UK Biobank and a novel dataset of 1298 prostate cancer cases and 1333 controls from Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, and South Africa.

Validation of a multi-ancestry polygenic risk score and age-specific risks of prostate cancer: A meta-analysis within diverse populations.

Background: We recently developed a multi-ancestry polygenic risk score (PRS) that effectively stratifies prostate cancer risk across populations. In this study, we validated the performance of the PRS in the multi-ancestry Million Veteran Program and additional independent studies.

Methods: Within each ancestry population, the association of PRS with prostate cancer risk was evaluated separately in each case-control study and then combined in a fixed-effects inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis.

The feasibility of endourological surgery in low-resource settings.

One of the widest variations in contemporary surgical practice between high and low, or low-middle, income countries is the utilisation of endoscopy as a means of treating urological pathology. The endoscopic management of lower urinary tract problems such as benign prostatic hypertrophy, bladder cancer and urethral strictures was established in the UK in the late 1970s, whilst its adoption into everyday practice in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has been significantly retarded. It is still neither a major feature of urological training in those countries nor widely available to the patients that established consultants treat.

Urethral Prolapse Case Report: Surgical and Social Considerations in Senegal.

We present three cases of urethral prolapse in prepubertal females in Senegal who presented with vulvar bleeding. Careful gynecologic and urologic physical exams were performed and revealed urethral origin and prolapse. Conservative versus surgical approaches were taken in different patients, but ultimately, each patient received a urethral meatoplasty.

A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry.

A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.

A case of pyelo-ureteral junction bilharzioma.

Bilharziomas are inflammatory tumour-like masses which often pose the problem of differential diagnosis with neoplastic processes. Its location at the pyelo-ureteral junction is very uncommon. The pre-operative diagnosis of bilharzia of the pyelo-ureteral junction is difficult.

Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Bladder Bilharziomas in the Urology Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (HOGIP).

Objective: The aim of our study is to assess the diagnostic aspects of bladder bilharzioma in the Urology Department of Idrissa Pouye General Hospital (Senegal).

Materials And Methods: It is a descriptive study from January 2013 to December 2018. The patients included in the study were those who had anatomopathological examination of bladder biopsy that showed a schistosomiasis pseudotumor of the bladder.

Surgical Management of Urolithiasis of the Upper Tract - Current Trend of Endourology in Africa.

Urolithiasis is a global pathology with increasing prevalence rate. The lifetime recurrence of urolithiasis ranges from 10-75% creating a public health crisis in affected regions. The epidemiology of urolithiasis in most parts of Africa and Asia remains poorly documented as incidence and prevalence rates in these settings are extrapolated from hospital admissions.

180° congenital penile torsion with distal hypospadias mistaken for an epispadias: Optimal outcome with tubularized incised plate urethroplasty and dartos flap rotation.

Introduction: Severe penile torsion of 180° associated with hypospadias is a rare entity. Knowledge of penile anatomy and pathology are necessary as the diagnosis could be missed.

Case Presentation: We report a case of severe 180° penile torsion with distal hypospadias that was mistaken for an epispadias which was corrected with surgery.

Is Schistosomiasis a Risk Factor for Bladder Cancer? Evidence-Based Facts.

. Globally, approximately 20% of malignancy are caused by infection. Schistosoma infection is a major cause of bladder in most part of Africa.

Review of Testicular Tumor: Diagnostic Approach and Management Outcome in Africa.

Testicular cancer is a common malignancy in young males with higher incidence in developed nations but with the lowest incidence in Africa (0.3-0.6/100 000).

Management of Advanced and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Need for a Sub-Saharan Guideline.

The estimated incidence rate of prostate cancer in Africa was 22.0/100,000 in 2016. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has cited prostate cancer as a growing health threat in Africa with approximated 28,006 deaths in 2010 and estimated 57,048 deaths in 2030.

Management of Renal Cell Carcinoma-Current Practice in Sub-Saharan Africa.

There is a global variation in the incidence of renal masses with the developed nations having a greater incidence. About 80-90% of renal malignancies are renal cell carcinomas (RCC) which account for 2-4% of all cancers. In Africa and the Middle East, the age-standardized incidence for RCC is 1.

A Review of Localized Prostate Cancer: An African Perspective.

Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy in males and the sixth leading cause of cancer mortality in men with a relatively higher death rate in men of African descent. In the United States and other parts of Europe, more than 80% of diagnosed prostate cancer is localized, and 80-90% of these men receive some form of treatment. The projected data may not be a direct reflection of the disease in the sub-Saharan region as less than 40% presents with localized disease.

Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Review of the Current Trend in Africa.

Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the 11th most common cancer in woman accounting for 6.6% of all cancer cases. Approximately 70-75% bladder cancers are non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).