Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes non-rapid eye movement sleep via inhibition of orexin neurons of the lateral hypothalamus and corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus.

Objective: This study investigates the sleep-modulating effects of ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1, CHO), a key bioactive component of ginseng, and elucidates its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally administered doses of Rg1 ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/kg.

[Research progress of the impacts of acupuncture on programmed cell death in treatment of ischemic stroke].

The new progress has been made in the research of programmed cell death (e.g. autophagy, apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis) for the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke.

An miR156-regulated nucleobase-ascorbate transporter 2 confers cadmium tolerance via enhanced anti-oxidative capacity in barley.

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most detrimental heavy metal pollutants, seriously affecting crop production and human health. Nucleobase-ascorbic acid transporters (NAT) are widely present in many living organisms including plants, animals and microbes; however, the role of NAT in plant Cd tolerance remains unknown.

Objectives: To identify Cd-induced miRNAs that target HvNAT2 and to determine the role of this gene and its product in Cd tolerance.

[Effect of electroacupuncture invention on activities of PGC-1α/Irisin (FNDC5)/BDNF signaling in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and muscles in focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury rats].

Objective: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture(EA) on the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivators-1-alpha (PGC-1α), Irisin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the ischemic peripheral cortex, hippocampus and local skeletal muscle in rats with focal cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury (CI/RI), so as to explore its underlying mechanism of improving of CI/RI.

Methods: Male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operation, model and EA (11 rats in each group). The focal CI/RI model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).

An enriched environment increases the expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebral cortex of the ischemic mouse brain.

Many studies have shown that fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FDNC5) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play vital roles in plasticity after brain injury. An enriched environment refers to an environment that provides animals with multi-sensory stimulation and movement opportunities. An enriched environment has been shown to promote the regeneration of nerve cells, synapses, and blood vessels in the animal brain after cerebral ischemia; however, the exact mechanisms have not been clarified.

[Micro-ribonucleic acids participate in electroacupuncture intervention-induced improvement of ischemic stroke].

Ischemic stroke is a major cause of permanent disability and death in adults, and electroacupuncture (EA) intervention has a positive role in improving neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke through a series of complex processes. In the present paper, we make a review about the development of researches on the involvement of micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) in ischemic stroke from excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis and necrosis, and particularly sum up outcomes of researches about the roles of miRNAs in EA-induced improvement of neurological function in experimental cerebral ischemia animals. EA treatment can 1) balance levels of miRNAs (such as mir-126 and mir-328, etc.

[Case-control study on manipulation following arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of frozen shoulder].

Objective: To compare therapeutic effects between the normal rehabilitation and combined with manipulative method after arthroscopic capsular release for the treatment of severe frozen shoulder, and to evaluate the application value of manipulationp.

Methods: From March 2007 to July 2010,arthroscopic capsular release was performed in 48 cases (48 shoulders, 23 left side, 25 right side). All the patients were divided into two groups: control group (11 males and 15 females) and manipulation group (9 males and 13 females).

[Effects of early application of Tuina treatment on quadriceps surface myoelectricity in patients after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial].

Background: Total knee replacement surgery is commonly used in end-stage diseases of the knee. It is important for improving surgical efficacy and patient satisfaction by promoting early rehabilitation of patients and improving knee function.

Objective: To observe the effects of early application of Tuina treatment on quadriceps surface electromyography (EMG) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis having undergone total knee arthroplasty.

EGFR-mediated G1/S transition contributes to the multidrug resistance in breast cancer cells.

Despite the improvement of strategies against cancer therapy, the multidrug resistance (MDR)is the critical problem for successful cancer therapy. Recurrent cancers after initial treatment with chemotherapy are generally refractory to second treatments with these anticancer therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the therapy-resistant mechanism for development of effective therapeutic modalities against tumors.

[Change in ghrelin level with the amelioration of glucose and lipid metabolic disorder in OLETF rats].

Objective: To explore the exact role of ghrelin in glyco- and lipo-metabolism.

Methods: We compared the levels of ghrelin mRNA in gastric tissue, ghrelin in gastric tissue and plasma among LETO rats( non diabetes, n=10), OLETF rats( type 2 diabetes, n=10), OLETF/M rats( OLETF rats managed with Metformin at the dose of 100 mg/kg weight, n=10) and OLETF/F rats( OLETF rats managed with Fenofibrate at the dose of 20 mg/kg weight, n=10). The levels of ghrelin mRNA were tested by Northern blotting, and the ghrelin content in gastric tissue and plasma detected by RIA.

[Effect of fenofibrate and metformin on lipotoxicity in OLETF rat kidney].

Objective: To explore the possible molecular mechanism of abnormal renal lipid metabolism in OLETF rats, and the effects of fenofibrate or metformin on renal local lipid metabolism.

Methods: OLETF rats were randomly divided into three groups: one treated with fenofibrate, one with metformin and one without treatment. LETO rats were used as age-matched normal controls.