Berberine ameliorates depression-like behavior in CUMS mice by activating TPH1 and inhibiting IDO1-associated with tryptophan metabolism.

Berberine, which is a potential antidepressant, exhibits definite efficiency in modulating the gut microbiota. Depressive behaviors in mice induced using chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) stimulation were evaluated by behavioral experiments. The markers of neurons and synapses were measured using immunohistochemical staining.

Vagus nerve stimulated by microbiota-derived hydrogen sulfide mediates the regulation of berberine on microglia in transient middle cerebral artery occlusion rats.

Amelioration of neuroinflammation via modulating microglia is a promising approach for cerebral ischemia therapy. The aim of the present study was to explore gut-brain axis signals in berberine-modulating microglia polarization following cerebral ischemia. The potential pathway was determined through analyzing the activation of the vagus nerve, hydrogen sulfide (H S) metabolism, and cysteine persulfides of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor.

Involvement of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction on Microglia with Abnormal Sphingolipid Metabolism in Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Abnormal sphingolipid metabolism is closely related to the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). With heat-clearing and detoxifying effects, Huanglian Jiedu decoction (HLJDD) has been used to treat dementia and improve learning and memory impairments.

Purpose: To study the therapeutic effect of HLJDD on AD as it relates to sphingolipid metabolism.

Potential Mechanism of on Lipid Metabolism Explored via Network Pharmacology and Untargeted Lipidomics.

Background: , a traditional herb, has great potential in treating diseases associated with aberrant lipid metabolism, such as inflammation, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis and Alzheimer's disease.

Aim Of The Study: To elucidate the mechanism by which modulates lipid metabolism and explore the medicinal effects of at a holistic level.

Materials And Methods: The potential active ingredients of and targets involved in regulating lipid metabolism were identified using a network pharmacology approach.

Analysis of Antidepressant Activity of Huang-Lian Jie-Du Decoction Through Network Pharmacology and Metabolomics.

Depressive disorder is a common mental disorder characterized by depressed mood and loss of interest or pleasure. As the Herbal medicines are mainly used as complementary and alternative therapy for depression. This study aimed at exploring antidepressant activity of Huang-lian Jie-du Decoction (HLJDD), and evaluating active components and potential depression-associated targets.

[Study on Chemical Constituents of Fermented Antrodia camphorata Powder].

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of fermented Antrodia camphorata powder.

Methods: 15 compounds were isolated from Antrodia camphorata by Silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, gel column chromatography, preparative liquid phase chromatography separation technique, as well as recrystallization.

Results: On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data,their structures were identified as Ferulic acid (1), Inositol (2), β-Sitosterol (3),Vanillin (4),Vanillic acid (5), Butyric acid (6), Daucosterol (7), p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Lauric acid (9), Inosine (10), Uridine (11), Adenine (12), D(+)-Sucrose (13), Arachidic acid (14) and Guanosine (15).

Daucosterol protects neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-mediated injury by activating IGF1 signaling pathway.

We previously reported that daucosterol (a sterolin) up-regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1)(1) protein in neural stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of daucosterol on the survival of cultured cortical neurons after neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion (OGD/R)(2), and determined the corresponding molecular mechanism. The results showed that post-treatment of daucosterol significantly reduced neuronal loss, as well as apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity, displaying the neuroprotective activity.

[Determination of inorganic elements in Antrodia camphorata powder by ICP-MS].

Objective: To establish a method for simultaneous analysis of 22 inorganic elements in Antrodia camphorata powder by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additionally, inorganic elements of Ganoderma lucidum had been detected and compared.

Methods: The sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion and the contents of elements were calculated according to their calibration curves.

Microarray Analysis of mRNA and MicroRNA Expression Profile Reveals the Role of β -Sitosterol-D-glucoside in the Proliferation of Neural Stem Cell.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of β -sitosterol-D-glucoside (BSSG) on the proliferation of hippocampal NSCs and to determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of CCK-8 assay showed that BSSG significantly increased NSC proliferation and the effectiveness of BSSG was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor.

Daucosterol promotes the proliferation of neural stem cells.

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of daucosterol (a sterolin) on the promotion of NSC proliferation and determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that daucosterol significantly increased the quantity of viable cells and the effectiveness of daucosterol was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF).

Casbane diterpenoids from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis.

Four casbane diterpenoids, together with three known related compounds were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia pekinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and comparison with the known related compounds. In addition, the absolute configuration of three compounds was determined by the modified Mosher's method.

[Preliminary analysis of quality of Antrodia camphorata powder].

Objective: To proceed a preliminary analysis of the quality of Antrodia camphorata powder.

Methods: The contents of water-soluble extract were detected according to the standards stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. UV-VIS was used to analyze total polysaccharide and triterpenoid.

Analysis of Hydroxy Fatty Acids from the Pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC. by UPLC-MS/MS.

Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with negative electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was used to determine 7 hydroxy fatty acids in the pollen of Brassica campestris L. var. oleifera DC.

Antithrombotic phenolic compounds from Glycyrrhiza uralensis.

A new coumestan, named glycyrurol, and nine phenolic compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Their structures were elucidated based on spectroscopic analysis and literature data, and anticoagulative assay found significant antithrombotic activity of compounds 4, 8 and 10.

Determination of nucleosides and nucleobases in the pollen of Typha angustifolia by UPLC-PDA-MS.

Introduction: The pollen of Typha angustifolia L. has been used traditionally for the treatment of dysmenorrhea, stranguria and metrorrhagia in China. Recently, nucleosides and nucleobases have been proven as important bioactive compounds.

Antithrombotic lipids from Semen Persicae.

Chemical investigation of Semen Persicae has led to the isolation of decane (1), triolein (2), nonacosanoic acid (3), oleic acid ethyl ester (4), palmitic acid (5), oleic acid (6) and 15,16-dihydroxy-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (7). Amongst these, compound 7 is a new lipid. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and extensive spectral analysis.

Pentacyclic triterpenes from the resin of Liquidambar formosana.

Two new pentacyclic triterpenes and eight known pentacyclic triterpenes were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Liquidambaris Resina. The structural elucidation of these compounds was determined by spectroscopic data interpretation. Their cytotoxic and antiplatelet aggregation activities were examined to find potent cytotoxic and antiplatelet aggregation compounds from natural resources.

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive phenolic compounds of Glechoma longituba by LC-coupled with PAD and ESI-MS detection.

A sensitive and selective method based on HPLC-PAD and Quadrupole TOF ESI-MS-MS is presented for quality control of Glechoma longituba, the major bioactive phenolic compounds of which could be quantified simultaneously. LC-ESI-MS was applied for nine fully identified compounds and another eight partially identified compounds in the plant by comparing their mass spectral data and retention times with those of selected standards and literature data. For quantitative analysis, the chromatographic conditions and extraction procedure were optimized in order to ensure the exhaustive extraction of the plant material.

Two new α-pinene derivatives from Angelica sinensis and their anticoagulative activities.

Two new α-pinene derivatives (1-2) were isolated from the aerial parts of Angelica sinensis. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods to be 6β,9-dihydroxy-(+)-α-pinene (1) and 9-hydroxy-(+)-α-pinene-6β-O-D-glucoside (2). In the anticoagulative assay, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak antithrombin activity and strong antiplatelet aggregation activity in vitro.

Antithrombotic flavonoids from the faeces of Trogopterus xanthipes.

Chemical investigation of Trogopterus faeces has led to the isolation of seven flavonoids. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectral analyses. In an anticoagulative assay, three kaempferol coumaroyl rhamnosides had significant antithrombin activity.

Characterization of nucleosides and nucleobases in fruits of Ziziphus jujuba by UPLC-DAD-MS.

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba , named dazao in Chinese, has been utilized as food as well as crude drugs in China for thousands of years. To explore the profiles of the nucleosides and nucleobases in this fruit, an ultraperformance liquid chromatograph coupled with a photodiode array detector and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometer method (UPLC-DAD-MS) has been established and validated in this paper. The validated method was successfully applied for the simultaneous characterization and quantitation of 9 nucleosides and nucleobases in 49 dazao samples, which comprised 43 cultivars from 26 cultivation regions.

Diterpenoids from Pinus massoniana resin and their cytotoxicity against A431 and A549 cells.

Five diterpenoids and 14 known diterpenoids were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of Pinus massoniana resin. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data interpretation. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated using the MTT method.

Characterization of triterpenic acids in fruits of ziziphus species by HPLC-ELSD-MS.

The fruits of Ziziphus species have been utilized as food as well as crude drugs for their health benefits in China for thousands of years. This paper reported a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the simultaneous characterization and quantitation of 11 triterpenic acids in chloroform extracts of jujube fruits by using an evaporative light scattering detector (ELSD) and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The results showed that the contents of triterpenic acids in the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba var.

Four new long-chain aliphatics from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.

Chemical investigation of Trogopterus feces has led to the isolation of four new long-chain aliphatics, including two new fatty alcohols, 8,15-nonacosanediol (1) and 6,13-nonacosanediol (2), one new fatty acid ester, dihexyl 7,7'-oxydiheptanoate (3), and one new ceramide, (2R)-2-hydroxy-N-[(2S,3S,4R,11E)-1,3,4-trihydroxydocos-11-en-2-yl]heneicosanamide (4). Their structures were elucidated by means of chemical and extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compound 3 exhibited moderate activity of antithrombin in vitro.

Two new isopimarane diterpenes from the feces of Trogopterus xanthipes.

Chemical investigation of Trogopterus Feces has led to the isolation of two new isopimarane diterpenes, wulingzhic acid A (1) and wulingzhic acid B (2). Their structures were elucidated by chemical and extensive spectral analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited weak activity of antithrombin and moderate activity of antiplatelet aggregation in vitro.