Drug Development.

Background: The vicious cycle between depression and dementia increases the risk of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis and pathology. This study investigates therapeutic effectiveness versus side effects and the underlying mechanisms of intranasal dantrolene nanoparticles (IDNs) to treat depression behavior and memory loss in 5XFAD mice.

Method: 5XFAD and wild-type B6SJLF1/J mice were treated with IDNs (IDN, 5 mg/kg) in Ryanodex formulation for a duration of 12 weeks.

Drug Development.

Background: Our previous study identified that Sildenafil (a phosphodiesterase type 5 [PDE5] inhibitor) is a candidate repurposable drug for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) using in silico network medicine approach. However, the clinically meaningful size and mechanism-of-actions of sildenafil in potential prevention and treatment of AD remind unknown.

Method: We conducted new patient data analyses using both the MarketScan® Medicare with Supplemental database (n = 7.

Drug Development.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the leading form of senile dementia, affecting ∼6 million Americans and having a national economic impact of $321 billion, numbers expected to double by 2050. The major pathological hallmarks of AD include Amyloid Beta (Aβ) plaques and Tau neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). The first goal of this research was to develop novel forms of carbon dots (CD) using various precursors.

Drug Development.

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism in AD brains correlates with cognitive deficits. The glucose changes are consistent with brain thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency. In animals, thiamine deficiency causes multiple AD-like changes including memory loss, neuron loss, brain inflammation, enhanced phosphorylation of tau, exaggerated plaque formation and elevated advanced glycation end products (AGE).

Drug Development.

Background: This study investigates the therapeutic versus side effects of intranasal lithium chloride (LiCl) in Ryanodex formulation vehicle (RFV) to inhibit inflammation and pyroptosis and to ameliorate on cognitive dysfunction and depressive behavior in 5XFAD mice.

Method: 5XFAD and wild type (WT) B6SJLF1/J mice were treated with intranasal or oral LiCl (3 mM/kg) dissolved in RFV starting at 2 or 9 months old and the continuous treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Behavior was examined for depression, cognition, olfaction, and motor function at the ages of 5 or 12 months.

Drug Development.

Background: Memory is influenced by epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs), and histone deacetylases (HDACs), are two competitive enzymes regulating histone acetylation. Histone acetylation is reduced in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains, and evidence has shown a synergistic regulation of HDACs and HATs activities.

Drug Development.

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is one of the most common nervous system diseases. Hypertension and neuroinflammation are considered important risk factors for the development of CSVD and white matter (WM) lesions.

Method: We used the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) as a model of early-onset CSVD and administered epimedium flavonoids (EF) for three months.

Correction: Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy.

Correction for 'Camptothecin-based prodrug nanomedicines for cancer therapy' by Renshuai Zhang , , 2023, , 17658-17697, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NR04147F.

Drug Development.

Background: Pivotal Alzheimer's Disease (AD) trials typically require thousands of participants, resulting in long enrollment timelines and substantial costs. We leverage deep learning predictive models to create prognostic scores (forecasted control outcome) of trial participants and in combination with a linear statistical model to increase statistical power in randomized clinical trials (RCT). This is a straightforward extension of the traditional RCT analysis, allowing for ease of use in any clinical program.

Drug Development.

Background: Pyroptosis is a type of inflammasome-dependent cell death, in which gasdermin D (GSDMD) plays key roles as the executor. Neuroinflammation and pyroptosis have been indicated critical roles in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, novel GSDMD inhibitors represent valuable probes to understand and validate GSDMD as a viable drug target for AD.

Drug Development.

Background: There are no cures for Alzheimer's disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by elevation of beta-amyloid and tau proteins besides neuronal death and causing cognitive impairment. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a cyclic guanosine monophosphate-degrading enzyme involved in numerous biological pathways including those relevant to memory formation. PDE5 inhibition offers the potential to attenuate AD progression by acting at the downstream level of beta-amyloid and tau elevation.

Drug Development.

Background: Reducing fibrous aggregates of protein tau is a possible strategy for halting progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously we found that in vitro the D-peptide D-TLKIVWC fragments tau fibrils from AD brains (AD-tau) into benign segments, whereas its six-residue analog D-TLKIVW cannot. However, the underlying fragmentation mechanism remains unknown, preventing the further development of this type of drug candidate for AD.

Drug Development.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose pathological hallmarks include tau and amyloid beta aggregation, a phenomenon that has been linked to inflammation and degradation of brain tissue. Prior data published in the Wang lab suggests that carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from citric acid and urea can inhibit aggregation. We sought to characterize the inhibitory effects of a new class of CDs synthesized from varied ratios of Congo red and citric acid.

Drug Development.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents unique challenges in clinical trials involving small molecules. Multifaceted issues plague such trials, emphasizing susceptibility to fraud from clinical sites and "professional patients". The relative ease of simulating Alzheimer's diagnosis, coupled with inadequate oversight by Contract Research Organizations (CROs), creates fertile ground for deceptive practices.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Loneliness has been linked to cognitive decline and an elevated risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies measured loneliness at a single point time, which may not accurately capture the longitudinal changes of different loneliness types (e.g.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: People living with dementia (PwD) experience progressive functional decline with increasing dependence on their caregivers. Advanced care planning (ACP) has the potential to promote quality of life, reduce iatrogenic harm, and minimize overutilization of healthcare resources, yet planning ahead in the context of dementia is challenging and requires consideration of numerous factors over an extended period of time. We examined caregivers' perceptions of current and end-stage medical care preferences in PwD and the impact of ACP-related discussions between caregivers and PwD.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Large language models (LLMs) provide powerful natural language processing capabilities in medical and clinical tasks. Evaluating LLM performance is crucial due to potential false results. In this study, we assessed ChatGPT and Llama2, two state-of-the-art LLMs, in extracting information from clinical notes, focusing on cognitive tests, specifically the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Cognitive Dementia Rating (CDR).

Exploring Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Nursing: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Compassion fatigue is a state of emotional and physical exhaustion that arises from frequent contact with people who have experienced trauma or stress, which may affect particularly those working in health care. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence and determinants of compassion fatigue among pediatric nurses.

Methods: A survey was administered to pediatric nurses at a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu province, China.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Caregiving for older adults requires balancing multiple tasks ranging in complexity and demand. While often characterized as burdensome, there are also positive outcomes related to caregiving including potential benefits to health outcomes. Although older adults are themselves often caregivers, the association between caregiving and cognitive outcomes has not been routinely studied.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Family caregivers of persons with dementia (PWD) suffer from constant caregiving burden resulting in poor sleep quality. Understanding sleep parameters (e.g.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Co-creation methods are increasingly being used in the research and development of technologies that support older adults living with dementia and their care partners to live well. Use of collaborative methods to engage with the dementia community helps to ensure that research processes and end solutions are sensitively designed, reflective of needs and values, and responsive to priorities. Engagement also has proximal benefits for older adults: Being involved in purposeful activity has been shown to positively impact health and wellbeing outcomes.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a significant contributor to hemorrhagic stroke, notably lobar intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), both of which have been observed in patients with MCI/AD. To evaluate all-cause mortality among veterans with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's dementia (AD) with/without Intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage (ICH/SAH) in the United States (US) Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VAHS).

Method: Veterans with MCI or AD were identified based on having clinical notes or diagnostic codes in the VAHS database (2010-2019).

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) occur frequently in persons with Alzheimer's disease (PAD). They cause suffering, institutionalization, carepartner distress, depression, burden, and decreased PAD-carepartner quality of life. Brexpiprazole approval advanced the AD treatment armamentarium.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: The National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease (AD) prioritizes timely diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as one of its key goals. Studies describing the downstream consequences of not having a timely diagnosis in this vulnerable population are limited. The study objective will evaluate the relationship between a timely MCI diagnosis and decline in functional outcomes compared to a missed diagnosis.

Dementia Care Research and Psychosocial Factors.

Background: In the context of heightened attention to dementia, research gaps persist in the seamless integration of clinical and non-clinical care, including long-term support. This study aims to examine potential gaps in social support for US adults with cognitive impairment, focusing on the transition before and after a dementia diagnosis.

Methods: In this ambidirectional cohort study, we examined data from the Health and Retirement Survey(HRS) for US adults over 50, using data from 2000 to 2018.