Omics research in atherosclerosis.

Atherosclerosis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposition within the arterial intima, as well as fibrous tissue proliferation and calcification. AS has long been recognized as one of the primary pathological foundations of cardiovascular diseases in humans. Its pathogenesis is intricate and not yet fully elucidated.

E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM31: A potential therapeutic target.

Ubiquitination is a key mechanism for post-translational protein modification, affecting protein localization, metabolism, degradation and various cellular physiological processes. Dysregulation of ubiquitination is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, such as tumors and cardiovascular diseases, making it a primary area of interest in biochemical research and drug development endeavors. E3 ubiquitin ligases play a pivotal role in modulating the ubiquitination of substrate proteins through their unique recognition functions.

Unique method for removal of knotted lumbar epidural catheter: A case report.

Background: Combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia is the preferred anesthesia method for cesarean delivery. The use of an epidural catheter is essential for administering additional drugs intraoperatively and managing postoperative pain. However, the insertion of epidural catheters is associated with various complications, such as total spinal anesthesia, symptoms indicative of spinal nerve root irritation, and challenges in epidural catheter removal.

TRIM65 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation by activating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling during atherogenesis.

Background And Aims: Tripartite motif (TRIM65) is an important member of the TRIM protein family, which is a newly discovered E ligase that interacts with and ubiquitinates various substrates and is involved in diverse pathological processes. However, the function of TRIM65 in atherosclerosis remains unarticulated. In this study, we investigated the role of TRIM65 in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, specifically in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) phenotype transformation, which plays a crucial role in formation of atherosclerotic lesions.

TRIM65 Suppresses oxLDL-induced Endothelial Inflammation by Interaction with VCAM-1 in Atherogenesis.

Background And Objective: Endothelial cell activation, characterized by increased levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), plays a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). Therefore, inhibition of VCAM-1-mediated inflammatory response is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of AS. The tripartite motif (TRIM) protein-TRIM65 is involved in the regulation of cancer development, antivirals and inflammation.

Statin's role on blood pressure levels: Meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.

Statins have been proven to be effective in minimizing the risk of cardiovascular adverse events, however, their effect on BP variability is debatable with respect to their significance and their use as a potential anti-hypertensive. Using a meta-analysis approach, the aim of this study was to explore whether certain statins have the potential to lower blood pressure (BP). For the period 2002-2022, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched for the studies that examined the effect of statins on blood pressure in normotensive or hypertensive individuals.

LncRNA-mediated Modulation of Endothelial Cells: Novel Progress in the Pathogenesis of Coronary Atherosclerotic Disease.

Coronary atherosclerotic disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease and an important cause of death. Moreover, endothelial cells (ECs) injury is an early pathophysiological feature of CAD, and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can modulate gene expression. Recent studies have shown that lncRNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of CAD, especially by regulating ECs.

Understanding the Potential Function of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Current Research Status and Future Expectation.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a progressive dilatation of the vascular wall occurring below the aortic fissure, preferably occurring below the renal artery. The molecular mechanism of AAA has not yet been elucidated. In the past few decades, research on abdominal aortic aneurysm has been mainly focused on the vessel wall, and it is generally accepted that inflammation and middle layer fracture of the vessel wall is the core steps in the development of AAA.

Outlook of Ferroptosis-Targeted Lipid Peroxidation in Cardiovascular Disease.

Lipid metabolism is a complex biochemical process that regulates normal cell activity and death. Ferroptosis is a novel mode of programmed cell death different from apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy. Abnormal lipid metabolism may lead to lipid peroxidation and cell rupture death, which are regulated by lipoxygenase (LOX), long-chain acyl-coA synthases, and antioxidant enzymes.

Development of hydrogen sulfide donors for anti-atherosclerosis therapeutics research: Challenges and future priorities.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS), a gas transmitter found in eukaryotic organisms, plays an essential role in several physiological processes. HS is one of the three primary biological gas transmission signaling mediators, along with nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Several animal and experiments have indicated that HS can prevent coronary endothelial mesenchymal transition, reduce the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, and stabilize intravascular plaques, suggesting its potential role in the treatment of atherosclerosis (AS).

Small biomarkers with massive impacts: PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling and microRNA crosstalk regulate nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the head and neck in Southeast Asia and southern China. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway is involved in processes related to tumour initiation/progression, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and drug resistance, and is closely related to the clinicopathological features of NPC. In addition, key genes involved in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway undergo many changes in NPC.

The role of adipose tissue-derived hydrogen sulfide in inhibiting atherosclerosis.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is the third gaseous signaling molecule discovered in the body after NO and CO and plays an important organismal protective role in various diseases. Within adipose tissue, related catalytic enzymes (cystathionine-β-synthetase, cystathionine-γ-lyase, and 3-mercaptopyruvate transsulfuration enzyme) can produce and release endogenous HS. Atherosclerosis (As) is a pathological change in arterial vessels that is closely related to abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and a chronic inflammatory response.

TRIMs: Generalists Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Signaling Pathway.

Inflammation is a double-edged sword. The moderate inflammatory response is a fundamental defense mechanism produced by the body's resistance to dangerous stimuli and a repair process of the body itself. Increasing studies have confirmed that the overactivation of the inflammasome is involved in the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases.

Hydrogen sulfide plays a potential alternative for the treatment of metabolic disorders of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiovascular complication that tends to occur in patients with diabetes, obesity, or insulin resistance, with a higher late mortality rate. Sustained hyperglycemia, increased free fatty acids, or insulin resistance induces metabolic disorders in cardiac tissues and cells, leading to myocardial fibrosis, left ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction, and finally develop into congestive heart failure. The close connection between all signaling pathways and the complex pathogenesis of DCM cause difficulties in finding effective targets for the treatment of DCM.

Cross-link between ferroptosis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: New approach to radiotherapy sensitization.

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered special type of regulated cell death that is strongly associated with both homeostasis maintenance and cancer development. Previous studies have indicated that a number of small-molecular agents inducing ferroptosis have great potential in the treatment of different types of cancer, including breast, pancreatic, prostate and head and neck cancer. However, the role of ferroptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has remained to be fully determined.

[Alpha-momordicin Regulates Hepatocyte Cytokine Expression].

Objective: To investigate the regulation effect of α-momordicin (α-MMC) on the synthesis and secretion of cytokines in hepatocytes cells.

Methods: Hepatocytes L02 were treated with 189 μg/mL α-MMC with culture supernatant and lysate samples were harvested in different timepoint. Expressions of T-helper 17 (TH17) cytokine profile in samples were detected by the Bio-Plex 200 suspension chip assay system.

PEGylation alleviates the non-specific toxicities of Alpha-Momorcharin and preserves its antitumor efficacy in vivo.

Alpha-Momorcharin (α-MMC) is a ribosome inactivating protein from Momordica charantia with anti-tumor activity. Previously, we had observed that modification of α-MMC with polyethylene glycol (PEG) could reduce toxicity, but it also reduces its anti-tumor activity in vitro. This study aims to investigate whether the metabolism-extended properties of α-MMC resulting from PEGylation could preserve its anti-tumor efficacy in vivo through pharmacokinetics and antitumor experiments.

PEGylation is effective in reducing immunogenicity, immunotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity of α-momorcharin in vivo.

Background And Aim: α-momorcharin (α-MMC), a type I ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from Momordica charantia, is well known for its antitumor and antivirus activities. However, the immunotoxicity and hepatotoxicity hampers its potential therapeutic usage. In order to reduce its toxicity, we had modified the α-MMC with polyethylene glycol (PEG), and detected the toxicity of the PEGylated α-MMC conjugates (α-MMC-PEG) in vivo.

[Study on the immunotoxicity of ribosome inhibiting protein of Momordica charantia].

Objective: To separate and purify ribosome inhibiting protein (RIP) from Momordica charantia (bitter melon) seeds and to evaluate its acute toxicity and immunotoxicity in animal.

Methods: Ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration chromatography were applied in the separating and purifying of RIP from Momordica charantia seeds. Then the acute toxicity testing of RIP in mice was conducted to obtain its half lethal dose (LD50).