M6A Modified miR-31-5p Suppresses M1 Macrophage Polarization and Autoimmune Dry Eye by Targeting P2RX7.

The dysregulation of the M1/M2 macrophage balance plays a pivotal role in autoimmune diseases. However, the interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modulation in regulating this balance remains poorly understood. Here, a significant reduction in miR-31-5p levels is observed in the lacrimal glands of rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis and the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) dry eye patients.

S100A8/A9 Promotes Dendritic Cell-Mediated Th17 Cell Response in Sjögren's Dry Eye Disease by Regulating the Acod1/STAT3 Pathway.

Purpose: To investigate the role of S100A8/A9 in the pathogenesis of Sjögren's dry eye disease (SjDED) and explore its potential mechanism of action.

Methods: S100A8/A9 expression was determined by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Tear secretion, corneal fluorescein staining, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to evaluate the effect of paquinimod, a S100A8/A9 inhibitor, on dry eye disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice.

AS101 regulates the Teff/Treg balance to alleviate rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis through modulating NFATc2.

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) dry eye can cause ocular surface inflammation and lacrimal gland (LG) damage, leading to discomfort and potential vision problems. The existing treatment options for SS dry eye are currently constrained. We investigated the possible therapeutic effect and the underlying mechanism of AS101 in autoimmune dry eye.

Dimethyl itaconate inhibits antigen-specific Th17 cell responses and autoimmune inflammation via modulating NRF2/STAT3 signaling.

Pathogenic Th17 cells play a crucial role in autoimmune diseases like uveitis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) possesses potent anti-inflammatory effects. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the role of DMI in regulating pathogenic Th17 cells and EAU.

Understanding phosphorus fractions and influential factors on urban road deposited sediments.

Phosphorus (P) is a primary pollutant that builds-up on urban road surfaces. Understanding the fraction and load characteristics of P, as well as their relationship with urban factors, is helpful for assessing the ecological risk of urban receiving water bodies. This study presents the characteristics of build-up loads of P fractions in road-deposited sediments (RDS) in Guangzhou, China, analyzes their correlation with three urban factors (road, traffic, and land-use area), and then estimates the exceedance probability of P in stormwater runoff over the past 10 years.

Integrated DNA Methylation and Transcriptomics Analyses of Lacrimal Glands Identify the Potential Genes Implicated in the Development of Sjögren's Syndrome-Related Dry Eye.

Purpose: Sjögren's syndrome-related dry eye (SS-related dry eye) is an intractable autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of lacrimal glands (LGs), where epigenetic factors are proven to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of this disease. However, the alteration of DNA methylation in LGs and its role in the pathogenesis of SS-related dry eye is still unknown. Here, we performed an integrated analysis of DNA methylation and RNA-Seq data in LGs to identify novel DNA methylation-regulated differentially expressed genes (MeDEGs) in the pathogenesis of SS-related dry eye.

A study on different types of moral courage and coping styles of clinical nurses: based on potential profile analysis.

Background: In professional ethics-related events, there are various unpleasant and complex ethical issues that require strong moral courage. Our aim is to identify and describe the potential categories of moral courage among nurses and to clarify the coping styles of nurses under different categories.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using three data collection tools: a self-designed general information questionnaire, a Chinese version of the Moral Courage Scale, and a Trait Coping Style Questionnaire.

Mettl3 induced miR-338-3p expression in dendritic cells promotes antigen-specific Th17 cell response via regulation of Dusp16.

Pathogenic Th17 cells are critical drivers of multiple autoimmune diseases, including uveitis and its animal model, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU). However, how innate immune signals modulate pathogenic Th17 responses remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that miR-338-3p endowed dendritic cells (DCs) with an increased ability to activate interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) -specific Th17 cells by promoting the production of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-23.

LncRNA Neat1 targets NonO and miR-128-3p to promote antigen-specific Th17 cell responses and autoimmune inflammation.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) interaction with RNA-Binding proteins (RBPs) plays an important role in immunological processes. The generation of antigen-specific Th17 cells is closely associated with autoimmune pathogenesis. However, the function of lncRNA-RBP interactions in the regulation of pathogenic Th17 cell responses during autoimmunity remains poorly understood.

Thymosin β4 Alleviates Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis via Suppressing Th17 Cell Response.

Purpose: We investigated the therapeutic effect of recombinant thymosin β4 (rTβ4) on rabbit autoimmune dacryoadenitis, an animal model of SS dry eye, and explore its mechanisms.

Methods: Rabbits were treated topically with rTβ4 or PBS solution after disease onset for 28 days, and clinical scores were determined by assessing tear secretion, break-up time, fluorescein, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and periodic acid-Schiff. The expression of inflammatory mediators in the lacrimal glands were measured by real-time PCR.

Prediction of spherical equivalent difference before and after cycloplegia in school-age children with machine learning algorithms.

Purpose: To predict the need for cycloplegic assessment, as well as refractive state under cycloplegia, based on non-cycloplegic ocular parameters in school-age children.

Design: Random cluster sampling.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to January 2019.

METTL3 inhibits autoreactive Th17 cell responses in experimental autoimmune uveitis via stabilizing ASH1L mRNA.

Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3), a primary N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methyltransferase, has been implicated in various biological and pathological processes including immune responses. However, the functions and mechanisms of METTL3 in pathogenic T helper (Th)17 cells are poorly understood. Here we found significantly decreased METTL3 expression along with reduced m6A levels in eyeballs and T cells of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

Phase retrieval for objects in rain based on a combination of variational image decomposition and variational mode decomposition in FPP.

As far as we know, there is no paper reported to retrieve the phase of an object in rain by the fringe projection profilometry (FPP) method. The fringe projection pattern taken in rain contains much rain noise, which makes it difficult to accurately retrieve the phase of the object. In this paper, we focus on the phase retrieval of the object in rain by the FPP method.

MYC-mediated silencing of miR-181a-5p promotes pathogenic Th17 responses by modulating AKT3-FOXO3 signaling.

Pathogenic Th17 cells drive autoimmune pathology, but the molecular mechanisms underlying Th17 pathogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we have shown that miR-181a-5p was significantly decreased in pathogenic Th17 cells, and it negatively regulated pathogenic Th17 cell responses and . Th17 cells overexpressing miR-181a-5p exhibited impaired ability to induce pathogenesis in an adoptive transfer model of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).

A self-powered and reagent-less electrochemical aptasensor based on a DNA walker and tetraferrocene for the detection of aflatoxin B1.

We constructed a self-powered and reagent-less electrochemical aptamer sensor for sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Here, the metal ion Mn required for the DNAzyme to drive a DNA walker is wrapped in UIO-66(Zr)-(COOH) and AFB1 triggers the DNAzyme walking strands to automatically and continuously cut the tetraferrocene-labeled substrate strands, which results in a significant decrease in the electrochemical signal. Under the optimal conditions, the concentration dependence of AFB1 is linear in the concentration range of 0.

An autonomous driven DNA walker-based electrochemical aptasensor for on-site detection of Ochratoxin A.

Herein, an autonomous driven DNA walker-based aptasensor is proposed for the detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA). A nanoscale metal-organic framework (MOF) is synthesized and used to load Mn, a cofactor for DNAzyme. The DNA walker and Mn@MOF are assembled on the Au surface, integrating the DNA walker and metal auxiliary ions.

An electrochemical DNA sensor based on an integrated and automated DNA walker.

As an artificial nanomachine, a DNA walker demonstrates the potential for biosensing. In this study, a highly integrated, biostable, and autonomous electrochemical DNA walker sensor was rationally designed by a simple assembly of a Mn-dependent DNAzyme-powered DNA walker with nanoscale Mn @MOFs containing free carboxylic acid groups UiO-66(Zr)-(COOH). In this study, the release of Mn from Mn@MOFs was exploited to drive the autonomous and progressive operation of the DNA walker, and the DNAzyme-driven DNA walker was constructed by the co-modification of walking strands and track strands onto the gold electrode (GE) surface.

MSC-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Attenuate Autoimmune Dacryoadenitis by Promoting M2 Macrophage Polarization and Inducing Tregs miR-100-5p.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) have been increasingly proved as promising immunomodulators against some autoimmune disorders. However, the possible effect and the underlying mechanism of MSC-sEVs in autoimmune dry eye have been rarely studied.

Methods: Small extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC-sEVs) were subconjunctivally injected to rabbit dry eye model, and their preventive or therapeutical effects were assessed by recording the clinical and histological scores.

PPAR-α Agonist Fenofibrate Ameliorates Sjögren Syndrome-Like Dacryoadenitis by Modulating Th1/Th17 and Treg Cell Responses in NOD Mice.

Purpose: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of fenofibrate, a synthetic ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α), on autoimmune dacryoadenitis in a mouse model of Sjögren syndrome (SS) dry eye.

Methods: Male nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice were fed chow with or without 0.03% fenofibrate for 8 weeks, and clinical scores were determined by assessing tear secretion, fluorescein, and hematoxylin and eosin staining.

Variational image decomposition model TGV-Hilbert-BM3D for phase retrieval in FPP and its application for an on-site wall surface bulge.

Mass loss from wall surface bulge deformation can be used to estimate the strength loss of reinforcement, bond reduction, and ductility degradation, so it is very important to accurately measure the three-dimensional (3D) shape of on-site wall surface bulge. In this paper, we try to solve the problem by use of fringe projection profilometry. In the fringe projection patterns of wall surface bulge, the contrast of the fringes is very weak, and there are sometimes cracks in patterns.

The Chinese version of the Pediatric Refractive Error Profile2 (PREP2): Translation, validation and reliability.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and evaluate an adapted Chinese version of the Pediatric Refractive Error Profile2 (PREP2) and to evaluate its acceptability, reliability, and validity in a population of Chinese children with refractive error.

Methods: The Chinese version of the PREP2 was translated using a standardized procedure and then administered to consecutive outpatients with refractive error. Reliability was assessed by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency and test-retest reliability.

Alteration of EIF2 Signaling, Glycolysis, and Dopamine Secretion in Form-Deprived Myopia in Response to 1% Atropine Treatment: Evidence From Interactive iTRAQ-MS and SWATH-MS Proteomics Using a Guinea Pig Model.

Atropine, a non-selective muscarinic antagonist, effectively slows down myopia progression in human adolescents and several animal models. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. The current study investigated retinal protein changes of form-deprived myopic (FDM) guinea pigs in response to topical administration of 1% atropine gel (10 g/L).

Three-dimensional self-powered DNA walking machine based on catalyzed hairpin assembly energy transfer strategy.

Herein, catalyzed hairpin assembly is implemented as an automated strategy, which can respond in living cells to detect specific target DNA. Using the principle of catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA), the auxiliary chain connects the fuel and starting chain to form a triple-stranded DNA to complete such a single system. Hundreds of single systems are modified on gold nanoparticles as DNA orbitals.