A new bamboo-feeding species of the genus Che, Zhang & Webb, 2009 (Hemiptera, Caliscelidae, Ommatidiotinae) from China.

A new planthopper species, , belonging to the genus (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae: Augilini), is described and illustrated, from China. In common with other Chinese Augilini, the new species feeds exclusively on bamboo. Additionally, a key to the two species of is provided.

Two new bamboo-feeding species of the planthopper genus Chen & Zhang, 2011 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae) from China.

Two new species of the Chinese caliscelid planthopper genus Chen & Zhang, 2011, from Fujian Province and from Jiangxi Province, are described and illustrated. The genus now known to include six described species. A checklist and identification key to species are provided.

Combined genetic screening and traditional newborn screening to improve the screening efficiency of congenital hypothyroidism.

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an neonatal endocrine disorder. Traditional newborn screening is the mainstream method of CH screening, so as to ensure the early detection and treatment of CH. This method is limited as it has high rates of false positives and negatives.

Characterizing the Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Three Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) Harming Bamboo.

Herein, we report the mitochondrial genomic characteristics of three insect pests, , and , collected from bamboo plants in Guizhou Province, China. For the first time, the damaged conditions and life histories of and are described in detail and digital photographs of all their life stages are provided. Simultaneously, the mitochondrial genome sequences of three bamboo pests were sequenced and analyzed.

Phase Ib study of avadomide (CC-122) in combination with rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma.

The multicenter, phase Ib CC-122-DLBCL-001 dose-expansion study (NCT02031419) explored the cereblon E3 ligase modulator (CELMoD) agent avadomide (CC-122) plus rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or follicular lymphoma (FL). Patients received avadomide 3 mg/day 5 days on/2 days off plus rituximab 375 mg/m on day 8 of cycle 1, day 1 of cycles 2 through 6, and day 1 of every third subsequent cycle for 2 years. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability; preliminary efficacy was a secondary endpoint.

Comparative analysis of twelve mitogenomes of Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) and their phylogenetic implications.

Here, the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of 12 Caliscelidae species, , , , , , , , , , , , and sp., were determined and comparatively analyzed. The genomes varied from 15,424 to 16,746 bp in size, comprising 37 mitochondrial genes and an A+T-rich region.

Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of Nisia fuliginosa (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Meenoplidae).

We explored characterization of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome or mtGenome) and phylogenetic analysis between 32 Fulgoroid species by sequencing and analyzing the mitogenome of Nisia fuliginosa Yang and Hu, 1985 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Meenoplidae), thereby making it the first determined mitogenome from the family Meenoplidae. The mitogenome was found to be 15,754 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a control region. All PCGs started with typical ATN codons, except for nad1, which used GTG as the start codon.

New genus and new species of the tribe Augilini (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae) from Yunnan Province in China.

New genus and new species of bamboo-feeding planthopper tribe Augilini, Neosymplana vittatum gen. et sp. n.

Mouse strain specificity of DAAO inhibitors-mediated antinociception.

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) specifically catalyzes the oxidative deamination of neutral and polar D-amino acids and finally yields byproducts of hydrogen peroxide. Our previous work demonstrated that the spinal astroglial DAAO/hydrogen peroxide (H O ) pathway was involved in the process of pain and morphine antinociceptive tolerance. This study aimed to report mouse strain specificity of DAAO inhibitors on antinociception and explore its possible mechanism.

Structural Features and Phylogenetic Implications of Four New Mitogenomes of Caliscelidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha).

To explore the differences in mitogenome variation and phylogenetics among lineages of the Hemiptera superfamily Fulgoroidea, we sequenced four new mitogenomes of Caliscelidae: two species of the genus (Caliscelinae: Caliscelini), namely and , and two species of the genus (Ommatidiotinae: Augilini), namely and . The four mitogenomes were 15,922-16,640 bp (base pair) in length, with 37 mitochondrial genes and an AT-rich region. Gene content and arrangement were similar to those of most other sequenced hexapod mitogenomes.

Testing Seven Hypotheses to Determine What Explains the Current Planthopper (Fulgoridae) Geographical and Species Richness Patterns in China.

Although many hypotheses have been proposed to understand the mechanisms underlying large-scale richness patterns, the environmental determinants are still poorly understood, particularly in insects. Here, we tested the relative contributions of seven hypotheses previously proposed to explain planthopper richness patterns in China. The richness patterns were visualized at a 1° × 1° grid size, using 14,722 distribution records for 1335 planthoppers.

Two new species of the genus Symplanella Fennah (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae) from China.

Two new species of the genus Symplanella Fennah, 1987 are described and illustrated from China. These are S. fulva Gong Chen, sp.

Functional Reorganization of Local Circuit Connectivity in Superficial Spinal Dorsal Horn with Neuropathic Pain States.

The spinal dorsal horn is the first relay structure coding for pain transmission and modulation. Previous anatomical and electrophysiological studies have examined spinal dorsal horn circuit connections and network activity. Further work is required to understand spinal cord sensory information processing that underlies pathological neuropathic pain states.

, a new bamboo-feeding genus of the tribe Augilini with two new species from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae).

A new bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Chen & Gong, with two new species Gong, Yang & Chen, and Gong, Yang & Chen, (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Caliscelidae: Ommatidiotinae: Augilini), are described and illustrated from China. Keys to the genera of Augilini and the species of Chen & Gong, are given.

The EGF-LIKE domain of thrombospondin-4 is a key determinant in the development of pain states due to increased excitatory synaptogenesis.

Up-regulation of thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) or voltage-gated calcium channel subunit αδ (Caαδ) proteins in the spinal cord contributes to neuropathic pain development through an unidentified mechanism. We have previously shown that TSP4 interacts with Caαδ to promote excitatory synaptogenesis and the development of chronic pain states. However, the TSP4 determinants responsible for these changes are not known.

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Chen & Zhang, 2011 from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Caliscelidae).

Two new species of the bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Chen & Zhang, 2011, Chen & Gong, and Chen & Gong, , are described and illustrated from China. The generic characteristics are redefined and photographs of the new species are provided. A checklist and a key to species of are also given.

Intrathecal administration of antioxidants attenuates mechanical pain hypersensitivity induced by REM sleep deprivation in the rat.

Background Sleep deprivation as well as peripheral neuropathy and cutaneous neurogenic inflammation has a facilitatory effect on pain perception. Here we studied whether oxidative stress-related mechanisms in the spinal cord that have been shown to contribute to pain facilitation in peripheral neuropathy and cutaneous neurogenic inflammation play a role in sleep deprivation-induced pain hypersensitivity Methods Flower pot method was used to induce rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) of 48 h duration in the rat that had a chronic intrathecal (i.t.

Gabapentin prevents synaptogenesis between sensory and spinal cord neurons induced by thrombospondin-4 acting on pre-synaptic Ca α δ subunits and involving T-type Ca channels.

Background And Purpose: Nerve injury induces concurrent up-regulation of the voltage-gated calcium channel subunit Ca α δ and the extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) in dorsal root ganglia and dorsal spinal cord, leading to the development of a neuropathic pain state. Interactions of these proteins promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis that contributes to neuropathic pain state development through unknown mechanisms. We investigated the contributions of Ca α δ subunits and TSP4 to synaptogenesis, and the pathways involved in vitro, and whether treatment with gabapentin could block this process and pain development in vivo.

Injury-induced maladaptation and dysregulation of calcium channel α δ subunit proteins and its contribution to neuropathic pain development.

Unlabelled: Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play important roles in physiological functions including the modulation of neurotransmitter release, neuronal network activities, intracellular signalling pathways and gene expression. Some pathological conditions, including nerve injuries, can cause the dysregulation of VGCCs and their subunits. This in turn can lead to a functional maladaptation of VGCCs and their subunits, which can contribute to the development of disorders such as pain sensations.

Dezocine exhibits antihypersensitivity activities in neuropathy through spinal μ-opioid receptor activation and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition.

Dezocine is the number one opioid painkiller prescribed and sold in China, occupying 44% of the nation's opioid analgesics market today and far ahead of the gold-standard morphine. We discovered the mechanisms underlying dezocine antihypersensitivity activity and assessed their implications to antihypersensitivity tolerance. Dezocine, given subcutaneously in spinal nerve-ligated neuropathic rats, time- and dose-dependently produced mechanical antiallodynia and thermal antihyperalgesia, significantly increased ipsilateral spinal norepinephrine and serotonin levels, and induced less antiallodynic tolerance than morphine.

Morroniside, a secoiridoid glycoside from Cornus officinalis, attenuates neuropathic pain by activation of spinal glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors.

Background And Purpose: Iridoid glycosides containing the double bond scaffold of cyclopentapyran are reversible and orthosteric agonists of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors and exert anti-nociceptive and neuroprotective actions. Morroniside, derived from the medicinal herb Cornus officinalis, is an atypical secoiridoid containing a six-membered cyclic inner ether fragment. Here we investigated whether morroniside was an orthosteric GLP-1 receptor agonist and had anti-hypersensitivity activities in a model of neuropathic pain.

Ester Hydrolysis Differentially Reduces Aconitine-Induced Anti-hypersensitivity and Acute Neurotoxicity: Involvement of Spinal Microglial Dynorphin Expression and Implications for Processing.

Aconitines, including bulleyaconitine A, probably the most bioactive and abundant alkaloids in plant, are a group of diester C19-diterpenoid alkaloids with one acetylester group attached to C8 of the diterpenoid skeleton and one benzoylester group to C14. Hydrolysis of both groups is involved in the processing of , a traditional Chinese medicinal approach. We recently demonstrated that bulleyaconitine A produced anti-hypersensitivity, which was mediated by stimulation of spinal microglial dynorphin A expression.

Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-based Biosensor Composed of Nitrogen-doped Carbon Dots and Gold Nanoparticles for the Highly Sensitive Detection of Organophosphorus Pesticides.

The present article reports a novel biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between nitrogen-doped carbon dots (NC-dots) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The effective NC-dots/AuNPs assembly through the Au-N interaction results in good fluorescence quenching. Active acetylcholinesterase (AChE) catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine into -SH containing thiocholine to replace the NC-dots and trigger the aggregation of AuNPs.

Neuregulin-1/ErbB4 Signaling Regulates Visual Cortical Plasticity.

Experience alters cortical networks through neural plasticity mechanisms. During a developmental critical period, the most dramatic consequence of occluding vision through one eye (monocular deprivation) is a rapid loss of excitatory synaptic inputs to parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons in visual cortex. Subsequent cortical disinhibition by reduced PV cell activity allows for excitatory ocular dominance plasticity.

The Antinociceptive Properties of the Corydalis yanhusuo Extract.

Corydalis yanhusuo. W.T.