A radiomic model to classify response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer.

Background: Medical image analysis has evolved to facilitate the development of methods for high-throughput extraction of quantitative features that can potentially contribute to the diagnostic and treatment paradigm of cancer. There is a need for further improvement in the accuracy of predictive markers of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The aim of this study was to develop a radiomic classifier to enhance current approaches to predicting the response to NAC breast cancer.

Preoperative Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging as a Predictor of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Introduction: The ability to accurately predict pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer would improve patient selection for specific treatment strategies, would provide important information for patients to aid in the treatment selection process, and could potentially avoid the need for more extensive surgery. The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in predicting pCR has previously been studied, with mixed results. Magnetic resonance imaging performance may also be influenced by tumour and patient factors.

Oncological Risk in Autologous Stem Cell Donation for Novel Tissue-Engineering Approaches to Postmastectomy Breast Regeneration.

Adipose tissue engineering using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) has emerged as an opportunity to develop novel approaches to postmastectomy breast reconstruction with the potential for an autologous tissue source with a natural appearance and texture. As of yet, the role of ADSCs in breast cancer development and metastasis is not completely understood; therefore, we must consider the oncological safety of employing an autologous source of ADSCs for use in breast regeneration. This study investigated the regenerative properties of ADSCs isolated from breast cancer patients, including those who had received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and noncancer controls.

A Review of the Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy on Breast Surgery Practice and Outcomes.

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly used in locally advanced breast cancer as it facilitates breast conserving surgery (BCS) and allows surgical treatment of patients considered inoperable at baseline. The aim of this study was to assess the trends in breast cancer management with regard to the administration of NAC and adjuvant chemotherapy and the effect this has on surgical practice, patient outcomes, and patterns of disease recurrence.

Patients And Methods: Patients treated with chemotherapy from 2005 to 2014 were identified from a prospectively maintained database.

Hydrogels in adipose tissue engineering-Potential application in post-mastectomy breast regeneration.

Current methods of breast reconstruction are associated with significant shortcomings, including capsular contracture, infection, rupture, the need for reoperation in implant-based reconstruction, and donor site morbidity in autologous reconstruction. These limitations result in severe physical and psychological issues for breast cancer patients. Recently, research has moved into the field of adipose tissue engineering to overcome these limitations.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation and breast reconstruction: the potential for improved outcomes in the treatment of breast cancer.

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) improves psychosocial and quality of life outcomes. Post-mastectomy radiation therapy is indicated for patients with a high risk of locoregional recurrence including locally advanced tumours (≥ 5 cm) or greater than or equal to four axillary nodes positive for breast cancer and can be a relative contraindication to IBR. Administration of radiation therapy pre-operatively, analogous to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, may reduce time to completion of treatment and facilitate better access to IBR.

Recent Advances and Future Directions in Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction.

Postmastectomy breast reconstruction (PMBR) has evolved dramatically since it was first described by Vincent Czerny in 1895. The increasing numbers of mastectomy procedures and improved patient survival have placed an increasing emphasis on the aesthetic and psychosocial outcomes, prompting surgeons to develop more sophisticated methods to reconstruct the breast mound. Significant improvements have been made to existing implant and autologous methods of PMBR in recent decades in an effort to reduce donor site morbidity and complication rates and improve cosmesis.

The clinical utility of pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of outcomes in patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: In recent years, there has been an increasing trend towards day-case surgery for patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). We investigated the predictive value that pre-operative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (PNLR) had on surgical outcomes.

Methods: A review of all patients who underwent LC during a 6-year period in a single institution was performed and PNLR recorded.

Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Novel Approaches to Breast Reconstruction: Their Suitability for Tissue Engineering and Oncological Safety.

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are rapidly becoming the gold standard cell source for tissue engineering strategies and hold great potential for novel breast reconstruction strategies. However, their use in patients with breast cancer is controversial and their oncological safety, particularly in relation to local disease recurrence, has been questioned. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies using ADSCs report conflicting data on their suitability for adipose tissue regeneration in patients with cancer.