Social support, social participation, and cardiovascular reactivity to stress in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study.

This study tested two hypotheses of associations between dimensions of social connectedness and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress: (1) high social support predicts diminished cardiovascular responses to stress (i.e., the stress-buffering model of social support), and (2) diminished cardiovascular responses predict lower social participation, a form of motivated behaviour.

Work Outcomes in Patients Who Stay at Work Despite Musculoskeletal Pain.

Purpose To assess self-reported work impacts and associations between psychosocial risk factors and work impairment amongst workers seeking care for musculoskeletal pain while continuing to work. Methods Patients were recruited from Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinics at 5 hospitals across Ireland. Participants completed questionnaires including assessments of work impairment (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire), work ability (single item from the Work Ability Index) and work performance (Work Role Functioning Questionnaire; WRFQ).

Early interventions to promote work participation in people with regional musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of early multidisciplinary interventions in promoting work participation and reducing work absence in adults with regional musculoskeletal pain.

Data Sources: Seven databases (CENTRAL, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, OT Seeker, PEDro; 1990 to December 2016) were searched for eligible studies.

Review Methods: Trials were included if they reported on work-based outcomes for participants experiencing difficulties at work or ≤ three months' sick leave.

Psychotic experiences in the population: Association with functioning and mental distress.

Psychotic experiences are far more common in the population than psychotic disorder. They are associated with a number of adverse outcomes but there has been little research on associations with functioning and distress. We wished to investigate functioning and distress in a community sample of adolescents with psychotic experiences.

Individual differences in the impact of attentional bias training on cardiovascular responses to stress in women.

Experimental studies show that training people to attend to negative stimuli makes them more likely to respond with greater anxiety to stress. The present study investigated this effect in students using measures of cardiovascular responses to stress and examined whether individual differences influence the impact of attention training on stress responses. Using a standard dot probe task, 30 participants underwent negative attentional bias training and 34 participants underwent anti-negative training before completing a stressful speech task.

Individual differences in adaptation of cardiovascular responses to stress.

Previous research has described patterns of adaptation of cardiovascular responses across prolonged or recurring stress. However, despite important implications for the study of reactivity, relatively little research has directly examined the antecedents or consequences of this adaptation. We present data showing that neuroticism, a personality trait associated with dispositional appraisals of stress, is associated with reductions in HR, CO, and TPR responses across stress exposures.

Habituation-sensitization of cardiovascular reactivity to repeated stress in smokers and non-smokers: an anthropometrically matched trial.

Previous research has been equivocal as to the impact of smoking status on cardiovascular reactivity to challenge. In addition, little is known about patterns of cardiovascular response habituation-sensitization to repeated challenge, in either smokers or the general population as a whole. The present study sought to clarify whether smokers and non-smokers differ in cardiovascular reactivity to challenge, or in patterns of reactivity to repeated challenge.