Types and mechanisms of idiographic change during guided self-help for anxiety.

Objectives: To compare idiographic change during two formats of guided self-help (GSH); cognitive-behavioural therapy guided self-help (CBT-GSH) and cognitive analytic therapy guided self-help (CAT-GSH).

Design: Qualitative inductive thematic analysis.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews with N = 17 participants with a reliable change outcome on the GAD-7 after completing GSH for anxiety.

Cognitive-behavioural versus cognitive-analytic guided self-help for mild-to-moderate anxiety: a pragmatic, randomised patient preference trial.

Background: Guided self-help (GSH) for anxiety is widely implemented in primary care services because of service efficiency gains, but there is also evidence of poor acceptability, low effectiveness and relapse.

Aims: The aim was to compare preferences for, acceptability and efficacy of cognitive-behavioural guided self-help (CBT-GSH) versus cognitive-analytic guided self-help (CAT-GSH).

Method: This was a pragmatic, randomised, patient preference trial (Clinical trials identifier: NCT03730532).

A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of psychological treatment of functional/dissociative seizures on non-seizure outcomes in adults.

Psychological therapies are considered the treatment of choice for functional/dissociative seizures (FDSs). Although most previous studies have focused on seizure persistence or frequency, it has been argued that well-being or health-related quality of life outcomes may actually be more meaningful. This study contributes by summarizing and meta-analyzing non-seizure outcomes to quantify the effectiveness of psychological treatment in this patient group.

Associations between treatment adherence-competence-integrity (ACI) and adult psychotherapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To provide a comprehensive assessment of the association between psychological treatment adherence/competence/integrity (ACI) and clinical outcomes.

Method: The review protocol was preregistered (CRD42020193889). Studies that assessed ACI-outcome relationships for adult psychotherapy were searched across three databases (Scopus, PsycINFO, MEDLINE).

Radiological incidence of parastomal herniation in cancer patients with permanent colostomy: what is the ideal size of the surgical aperture?

Background: Parastomal herniation frequently complicates stoma formation. Aperture size has been shown to be an independent predictor of hernia development but there is a paucity of data regarding the ideal stoma diameter. The aim of this study was to establish the radiological incidence of herniation in patients with a permanent colostomy and correlate it with the size of the abdominal wall defect in order to identify an aperture diameter associated with a reduced herniation risk.

Optimal assessment of paediatric IBD with MRI and barium follow-through.

Objectives: The present UK criterion standard for assessing children with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is upper endoscopy, ileocolonoscopy, and barium follow-through (BaFT). Significant doses of radiation, unpalatable contrast, and volume intolerance are involved with BaFT. Practice in investigating Crohn disease (CD) is changing with the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Acute pancreatitis: the role of imaging in diagnosis and management.

Acute pancreatitis is one of the more commonly encountered aetiologies in the emergency setting and its incidence is rising. Presentations range from a mild-self limiting condition which usually responds to conservative management to one with significant morbidity and mortality in its most severe forms. While clinical criteria are necessary to make the initial diagnosis, contrast-enhanced CT is the mainstay of imaging and has a vital role in assessing the extent and evolution of the disease and its associated complications.

Multidetector computed tomography of the acute abdomen in the immunocompromised host: a pictorial review.

Immunocompromised patients include those receiving chemotherapy for malignant disease, post-transplant patients, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and those receiving steroids for autoimmune diseases. Advances in transplantation, oncology, and the treatment of AIDS have extended these patients' life expectancies and thereby increased the immunocompromised population. Classical clinical signs of abdominal sepsis may be absent in the immunocompromised host.

Multidetector helical CT in the evaluation of acute small bowel obstruction: comparison of non-enhanced (no oral, rectal or IV contrast) and IV enhanced CT.

Purpose: To compare accuracy of non-enhanced CT (NECT) (no oral or IV contrast) and enhanced CT (ECT) (IV enhanced only) to diagnose small bowel obstruction and evaluate reviewer's experience impact.

Materials And Methods: Ninety-nine adult patients underwent 105 NECT and ECT (6 patients had 2 examinations) on a four-detector CT. An abdominal radiologist, an abdominal imaging fellow, a second-year radiology resident retrospectively reviewed NECTs and ECTs separately and independently blinded to outcome.

The acute abdomen in the immune compromised host.

Recent advances in transplantation, oncology and AIDS therapy have greatly increased life expectancies of patients diagnosed with malignancy, auto-immune disorders and organ failure. However, as this immune compromised population grows, complications of such therapies have become a major source of morbidity and mortality. Classical clinical and laboratory evidence of intra-abdominal pathology may be absent in the immune compromised host.