Evidence-based classification in golf for athletes with a vision impairment: A Delphi study.

Vision-impaired (VI) golf is a global para-sport currently played under several different classification systems under different bodies. This study aimed to gather expert opinion to determine whether the current classification systems are fit for the purpose intended and to identify any particular issues where VI impacts the game of golf for the disabled (G4D). A panel of 20 participants with expertise in G4D took part in a three-round Delphi study.

Perceived Facilitators and Barriers to Participation in Golf for People With Vision Impairment: A Qualitative Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify facilitators and barriers to participation in vision impaired golf.

Design: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 vision impaired golfers, 10 guides, and 5 novices during the British VI Golf Open tournament in August 2021.

Results: Qualitative content analysis identified the benefits, facilitators, and challenges of playing vision impaired golf.

The effect of image resolution of display types on accommodative microfluctuations.

Purpose: To determine whether accommodative microfluctuations (AMFs) are affected by the image resolution of the display type being observed. The effect of refractive error is also examined.

Methods: Twenty participants, (10 myopes and 10 emmetropes) observed a target on four different displays: paper, smartphone, e-reader and visual display unit screen (VDU), whilst their accommodative responses were measured using a continuous recording infrared autorefractor.

Cognitive Demand and Accommodative Microfluctuations.

Previous studies have shown cognition to have an influence on accommodation. Temporal variation in the accommodative response occurs during the fixation on a stationary target. This constantly shifting response has been called accommodative micro-fluctuations (AMFs).