Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction.

Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in CCL4-induced rat liver fibrosis.

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in liver fibrosis. A novel homologue of angiotensin converting enzyme, ACE2, was identified as a negative regulator of RAS as it degrades Ang II to Ang1-7. We investigated in vivo the expression of ACE2 in liver fibrosis.

Patients with chronic hepatitis B infection display deficiency of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with reduced expression of TLR9.

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a complex interaction between replicating noncytopathic virus and dysregulatory host antiviral immunity. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) contribute to innate antiviral immunity via secreting type I interferons. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is involved in major pattern recognition receptors expressed in pDCs.

[Expression of Toll-like receptor 3 on peripheral blood dendritic cells in HBeAg positive patients with chronic hepatitis B].

Objective: To elucidate the roles of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells (DCs) in HBV infection.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 48 healthy volunteers (HV) and 50 chronically HBV-infected patients (CH). DCs were induced and proliferated in a culture medium with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4.