The clinical value of local consolidative therapy for oligo-residual disease in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors-treated non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Few real-world studies exist regarding the clinical value of local consolidative therapy (LCT) for oligo-residual disease (ORD) in NSCLC patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Therefore, we retrospectively evaluated whether LCT could improve the prognosis of NSCL patients with ORD after effective first-line PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors treatment.

Methods: A total of 132 patients with metastatic NSCLC who had received first-line PD-1/PD-L1inhibitors-based systemic treatment and developed ORD (defined as residual tumors limited to three organs and five lesions) were included.

Radiomics for predicting grades, isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, and oxygen 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation of adult diffuse gliomas: combination of structural MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient, and susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Background: There has been no research investigating susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) radiomics features in evaluating molecular makers in gliomas. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of radiomics features extracted from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and SWI in determining World Health Organization (WHO) Grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase () mutation, and oxygen 6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in patients with diffuse gliomas.

Methods: Retrospective MRI data of 539 patients from University of California San Francisco and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital between January 2010 and December 2022 were analyzed in this study.

Potential mechanisms of cancer stem-like progenitor T-cell bio-behaviours.

In situations involving continuous exposure to antigens, such as chronic infections or cancer, antigen-specific CD8 T cells can become dysfunctional or exhausted. This change is marked by increased expression levels of inhibitory receptors (PD-1 and Tim-3). Stem-like progenitor exhausted (Tpex) cells, a subset of exhausted cells that express TCF-1 and are mainly found in the lymph nodes, demonstrate the ability to self-renew and exhibit a high rate of proliferation.

NR4A1 transcriptionally regulates the differentiation of stem-like CD8 T cells in the tumor microenvironment.

CD8 T cells are rendered exhausted in tumor and chronic infection. Among heterogeneous exhausted T cells, a subpopulation of progenitor-like (Tpex) cells have been found important for long-term tumor or pathogen control and are also the main responders in immunotherapy. Using an RFP reporter mouse for the orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1, originally characterized as critical in T cell dysfunction, we discover that the reporter is highly expressed in Tpex cells in tumor and chronic infection.

Metabolomics analysis of physicochemical properties associated with freshness degradation in frozen Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba).

This study aimed to determine the effect of different frozen temperatures during storage on the quality of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and assess the change at the metabolite level via a combination of physicochemical property analysis, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based non-targeted metabolomics profiling. Regarding samples stored at -20 °C, the expressions of 7055 metabolites were elevated, while 2313 were downregulated. Lipids and lipid molecules had the highest proportion of differential metabolites.

Visible-light-induced -alkylation of anilines with 4-hydroxybutan-2-one.

The synthesis of amines through -alkylation is particularly attractive. Herein, a strategy for visible-light-induced -alkylation of anilines with 4-hydroxybutan-2-one was developed in the presence of NHBr, which avoid the use of metals, bases and ligands. In addition, gram-scale experiments proved that the system has the potential to be scaled.

Notch Signaling Inhibition Alleviates Allergies Caused by Antarctic Krill Tropomyosin through Improving Th1/Th2 Imbalance and Modulating Gut Microbiota.

Antarctic krill tropomyosin (AkTM) has been shown in mice to cause IgE-mediated food allergy. The objective of this work was to investigate the role of Notch signaling in AkTM-sensitized mice, as well as to determine the changes in gut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the allergic mice. An AkTM-induced food allergy mouse model was built and -[-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)--alanyl]--phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) was used as an γ-secretase inhibitor to inhibit the activation of Notch signaling.

Metal-Free Nitrogen-Doped Mesoporous Carbons for the Mild and Selective Synthesis of Pyrroles from Nitroarenes via Cascade Reaction.

The cascade synthesis of pyrroles from nitroarenes is an attractive alternative strategy. However, metal catalysts and relatively high temperatures cover the existing reported catalytic systems for this strategy. The development of nonmetallic heterogeneous catalytic systems for the one-pot synthesis of pyrrole from nitroarenes under mild conditions is both worthwhile and challenging.

Determination of Eugenol Residues in Fish Tissue, Transport, and Temporary Water of Aquatic Product by Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Application of the Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane.

Using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and electrospun nanofibrous membrane, we developed and validated a simple, rapid, and sensitive methodology for quantifying eugenol residues in fish tissue and water samples. Fish tissue extract and water samples (315 samples) collected from three southeastern China provinces (Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Fujian), originating from eight provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Anhui, Shanghai, and Jiangxi, from April 2021 to April 2023 were filtered with an electrospun nanofiber membrane, extracted with trichloromethane/-hexane, and directly concentrated to dry after simple purification. An internal standard of -terphenyl in -hexane and 5-µL injection volumes of the solutions was used to analyze eugenol via internal calibration with a minimum concentration of 0.

Advances in mRNA-Based Cancer Vaccines.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for millions of deaths every year. Immunotherapy is a groundbreaking approach for treating cancer through harnessing the power of the immune system to target and eliminate cancer cells. Cancer vaccines, one immunotherapy approach, have shown promise in preclinical settings, but researchers have struggled to reproduce these results in clinical settings.

Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a CpG/Alum adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 recombinant protein vaccine (ZR202-CoV) in healthy adults: Preliminary report of a phase 1, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial.

This was a phase 1 dose-escalation study of ZR202-CoV, a recombinant protein vaccine candidate containing a pre-fusion format of the spike (S)-protein (S-trimer) combined with the dual-adjuvant system of Alum/CpG. A total of 230 participants were screened and 72 healthy adults aged 18-59 years were enrolled and randomized to receive two doses at a 28-day interval of three different ZR202-CoV formulations or normal saline. We assessed the safety for 28 days after each vaccination and collected blood samples for immunogenicity evaluation.

BCL6 promotes a stem-like CD8 T cell program in cancer via antagonizing BLIMP1.

Overcoming CD8 T cell exhaustion is critical in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, an intratumor stem/progenitor-like CD8 T cell (T cell) population that mediates the persistence of antitumor responses has been defined, which can further develop into a terminally differentiated CD8 T cell (T cell) subpopulation with potent cytotoxic functions. T cells are the main responders to immune checkpoint blockade therapies, yet how extrinsic signals via transcription factors control T cell generation and persistence in tumors is unclear.

Acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 promotes brown adipogenesis by activating the AMPK-PGC1α signaling pathway.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is thermogenic, expressing high levels of uncoupling protein-1 to convert nutrient energy to heat energy, bypassing ATP synthesis. BAT is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes since it converts fatty acids into heat but mechanisms controlling brown adipogenesis remain unclear. Knockdown of acetyl-Coenzyme A acetyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) in C3H10T1/2 cells suppressed brown adipocyte maturation during the current study and ACAT1 overexpression promoted brown adipocyte maturation.

Recent Advances in Sources, Migration, Public Health, and Surveillance of Bisphenol A and Its Structural Analogs in Canned Foods.

The occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA) and its structural analogs, known as endocrine disruptors is widely reported. Consumers could be exposed to these chemicals through canned foods, leading to health risks. Considerable advances have occurred in the pathogenic mechanism, migration law, and analytical methodologies for these compounds in canned foods.

Low level TGF-β1-treated Umbilical mesenchymal stem cells attenuates microgliosis and neuropathic pain in chronic constriction injury by exosomes/lncRNA UCA1／miR-96-5p／FOXO3a.

Neuropathic pain is a chronic pain state that usually caused by injuries in peripheral or central nerve. Inhibition of spinal microglial response is a promising treatment of neuropathic pain caused by peripheral nerve injury. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that characterized with multipotent ability have been widely studied for disease treatment.

Screening and Identification of Goat-Milk-Derived Lactic Acid Bacteria with Bacteriocin-like Activity and Probiotic Potentials.

In the current study, we screened 46 isolates of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) derived from goat milk for bacteriocin producers that can inhibit common foodborne pathogens (, , and ). The following three strains that showed antimicrobial activity against all indicators were identified: DH9003 and DH9012, and DH9011. Their antimicrobial products exhibited typical bacteriocin characteristics, such as heat stability and proteinase nature.

Study on the Sensitization and Antigenic Epitopes of Tropomyosin from Antarctic Krill ().

Antarctic krill (), a shrimp-like marine crustacean, has become a beneficial source of high-quality animal protein. Meanwhile, a special focus has been placed on its potential sensitization issue. In this study, a 35 kDa protein was purified and identified to be Antarctic krill tropomyosin (AkTM) by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

STAT3 regulates CD8+ T cell differentiation and functions in cancer and acute infection.

In cancer, persistent antigens drive CD8+ T cell differentiation into exhausted progenitor (Texprog) and terminally exhausted (Texterm) cells. However, how the extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms cooperate during this process still remains not well understood. Here, we found that STAT3 signaling plays essential roles in promoting intratumor Texterm cell development by enhancing their effector functions and survival, which results in better tumor control.

First Report of Potentially Pathogenic from Serotype K2 in Mollusk and Genetic Diversity of in 14 Species of Edible Aquatic Animals.

Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause serious pneumonitis in humans. The bacterium is also the common causative agent of hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. Here we for the first time reported the genetic diversity of K.

Confine, Defect, and Interface Manipulation of Fe Se /3D Graphene Targeting Fast and Stable Potassium-Ion Storage.

The fast electrochemical kinetics behavior and long cycling life have been the goals in developing anode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs). On account of high electron conductivity and theoretical capacity, transition metal selenides have been deemed as one of the promising anode materials for PIBs. Herein, a systematic structural manipulation strategy, pertaining to the confine of Fe Se particles by 3D graphene and the dual phosphorus (P) doping to the Fe Se /3DG (DP-Fe Se /3DG), has been proposed to fulfill the efficient potassium-ion (K-ion) evolution kinetics and thus boost the K-ion storage performance.

SMAD4, activated by the TCR-triggered MEK/ERK signaling pathway, critically regulates CD8 T cell cytotoxic function.

Transforming growth factor-β is well known to restrain cytotoxic T cell responses to maintain self-tolerance and to promote tumor immune evasion. In this study, we have investigated the role of SMAD4, a core component in the TGF-β signaling pathway, in CD8 T cells. Unexpectedly, we found that SMAD4 was critical in promoting CD8 T cell function in both tumor and infection models.