A review and meta-analysis of non-typhoidal in Vietnam: Challenges to the control and antimicrobial resistance traits of a neglected zoonotic pathogen.

Non-typhoidal (NTS) is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen with important implications for human health. Despite its importance, the burden of NTS infections in Vietnam is unknown. We conducted a systematic review and a meta-analysis to describe the prevalence and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) for NTS over time in Vietnam.

Molecular characterization of Campylobacter spp. isolates obtained from commercial broilers and native chickens in Southern Thailand using whole genome sequencing.

Chickens are the primary reservoirs of Campylobacter spp., mainly C. jejuni and C.

Quantum Confinement in Epitaxial Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons on SiC Sidewalls.

The integration of graphene into devices necessitates large-scale growth and precise nanostructuring. Epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC surfaces offers a solution by enabling both simultaneous and targeted realization of quantum structures. We investigated the impact of local variations in the width and edge termination of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) on quantum confinement effects using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM, STS), along with density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations.

The characterization and correlation between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance of spp isolates from commercial broilers and native chickens in the south of Thailand.

High prevalence in chickens; more prevalent than .Susceptibility to macrolides but resistance to quinolones/tetracyclines in isolates.Homogeneous resistance patterns within farms; higher in broilers than in native birds.

Impact of Freeze Storage on the Estimation of Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Prevalence in Collected from Faecal Samples from Healthy Humans and Chickens.

Many studies on phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of bacteria from healthy populations are conducted on freeze-stored samples. However, the impact of this practice on phenotypic AMR is not known. We investigated the prevalence of phenotypic AMR in from chicken ( = 10) and human ( = 11) faecal samples collected from healthy subjects, subject to freeze storage (-20 °C and -80 °C) for 1, 2, 3, and 6 months.

Antimicrobial resistance in commensal from humans and chickens in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam is driven by antimicrobial usage and potential cross-species transmission.

Objectives: To investigate phenotypic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in relation to antimicrobial use (AMU) and potential inter-species transmission among from humans and chickens located in the same households in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam.

Methods: We collected data on AMU and faecal swabs from humans (= 426) and chickens (= 237) from 237 small-scale farms. From each sample, one strain was isolated and tested for its susceptibility against 11 antimicrobials by Sensititre AST.

Modelling the impact of antimicrobial use and external introductions on commensal E. coli colistin resistance in small-scale chicken farms of the Mekong delta of Vietnam.

Colistin is a critically important antimicrobial for human medicine, and colistin-resistant Escherichia coli are commonly found in poultry and poultry products in Southeast Asia. Here, we aim at disentangling the within-farm and outside-farm drivers of colistin resistance in small-scale chicken farms of the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Nineteen Vietnamese chicken farms were followed up along a whole production cycle, during which weekly antimicrobial use data were recorded.

Report on Unusual Sites of Lymph Node Metastases in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is amongst the most common malignancies of head and neck cancers. Most patients are admitted to the hospital with advanced disease. NPC has a tendency toward early metastatic spread to cervical lymph nodes, and levels II and III are most commonly involved.

Minimum inhibitory concentrations of commercial essential oils against common chicken pathogenic bacteria and their relationship with antibiotic resistance.

Aims: We investigated the antibacterial effect of seven essential oils (EOs) and one EO-containing liquid phytogenic solution marketed for poultry and pigs ('Product A') on chicken pathogens, as well as the relationship between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in EOs and antibiotics commonly administered to chicken flocks in the Mekong Delta (Vietnam).

Methods And Results: Micellar extracts from oregano (Origanum vulgare), cajeput (Melaleuca leucadendra), garlic (Allium sativum), black pepper (Piper nigrum), peppermint (Mentha × piperita L.), tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) EOs and Product A were investigated for their MIC against Avibacterium endocarditidis (N = 10), Pasteurella multocida (N = 7), Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) (N = 10), Escherichia coli (N = 10) and Gallibacterium anatis (N = 10).

Pyridinedicarboxylate-Tb(III) Complex-Based Luminescent Probes for ATP Monitoring.

The pyridinedicarboxylate-Tb(III) complexes, TbPDC and Tb(PDC), as luminescent probes for ATP monitoring have been conveniently prepared and characterized by FT-IR, H-NMR, ESI-MS, UV-Vis, excitation, and emission spectroscopy. Interestingly, these two Tb(III) complexes were quenched by ATP by a similar mechanism via - stacking interaction between the chelating ligand and adenine moiety. The ability of luminescent probes applied for the determination of ATP in aqueous solution has been investigated.

Detecting Fetal Central Nervous System Anomalies Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound.

Background: Most fetal abnormalities can be detected on ultrasound, the evaluation of fetal CNS abnormalities can be limited by various factors, including obesity, polyhydramnios, multiple pregnancies, and increased cranial ossification during the third trimester.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the ability to detect fetal central nervous system (CNS) anomalies using magnetic resonance imaging (iuMRI) and ultrasound (US) techniques.

Methods: This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board (Ref: 2968/QĐ-ĐHYHN dated 11 July 2019), and the requirement to obtain the informed consent of patients was waived.

Relationship between clinicopathologic factors and FDG avidity in radioiodine-negative recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinicopathologic factors, BRAF mutation status and [F] F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) avidity in patients with radioiodine (RAI)-negative recurrent or metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).

Methods: From 2015 to 2018 all patients with suspected recurrent or metastatic radioiodine-negative DTC patients who underwent FDG positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) were retrospectively reviewed. Suspected lesions on FDG PET/CT were biopsied and underwent BRAF mutation testing by immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR.

Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistance in Chicken Pathogens: A Step towards Improved Antimicrobial Stewardship in Poultry Production in Vietnam.

In the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, farmers use large quantities of antimicrobials to raise small-scale chicken flocks, often including active ingredients regarded of "critical importance'" by the World Health Organization. Due to limitations in laboratory capacity, the choice of antimicrobials normally does not follow any empirical criteria of effectiveness. The aim of this study was to highlight non-critically important antimicrobials against which chicken pathogens are likely to be susceptible as a basis for treatment guidelines.

Carriage of the zoonotic organism Streptococcus suis in chicken flocks in Vietnam.

Streptococcus suis infections are an emerging zoonotic agent causing severe disease in humans and a major pig pathogen worldwide. We investigated the colonization of S. suis in healthy chickens in different flocks (n = 59) as well as in-contact pigs in farms with S.

Antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal , spp. and associated microbiological hazards in retail shrimps purchased in Ho Chi Minh city (Vietnam).

We investigated antimicrobial residues, non-typhoidal (NTS), spp. and their associated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), in shrimps locally purchased in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In addition, we investigated the relationship between AMR in NTS, spp.

Optimization of the in vitro fertilization protocol for frozen epididymal sperm with low fertilization ability in Ban-A native Vietnamese pigs.

The aim of the present study was to improve the penetration during in vitro fertilization (IVF) of a frozen lot of epididymal sperm with a notoriously low fertilization ability of a Ban boar which is a native Vietnamese breed by optimizing different parameters of the IVF system. In Experiment 1, we determined that Pig-fertilization medium was superior medium to Tyrode's albumin lactate pyruvate-polyvinyl alcohol medium for IVF and defined the optimum the sperm concentration (1 × 10  sperm/ml). In Experiment 2, we clarified that partial removal of cumulus cells from cumulus-oocyte complexes by hyaluronidase treatment before IVF enhances sperm penetration, whereas complete cumulus removal reduces penetration.

Antimicrobial residues and resistance against critically important antimicrobials in non-typhoidal Salmonella from meat sold at wet markets and supermarkets in Vietnam.

Excessive antimicrobial usage and deficiencies in hygiene in meat production systems may result in undesirable human health hazards, such as the presence of antimicrobial drug residues and non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), including antimicrobial resistant (AMR) NTS. Recently, Vietnam has witnessed the emergence of integrated intensive animal production systems, coexisting with more traditional, locally-sourced wet markets. To date no systematic studies have been carried out to compare health hazards in beef, pork and chicken in different production systems.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacterial Poultry Pathogens: A Review.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat, and antimicrobial usage and AMR in animal production is one of its contributing sources. Poultry is one of the most widespread types of meat consumed worldwide. Poultry flocks are often raised under intensive conditions using large amounts of antimicrobials to prevent and to treat disease, as well as for growth promotion.

Zoonotic Transmission of mcr-1 Colistin Resistance Gene from Small-Scale Poultry Farms, Vietnam.

We investigated the consequences of colistin use in backyard chicken farms in Vietnam by examining the prevalence of mcr-1 in fecal samples from chickens and humans. Detection of mcr-1-carrying bacteria in chicken samples was associated with colistin use and detection in human samples with exposure to mcr-1-positive chickens.

Colonization of Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in chickens and humans in southern Vietnam.

Background: Enteroaggregative (EAEC) and Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are a major cause of diarrhea worldwide. E. coli carrying both virulence factors characteristic for EAEC and STEC and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase caused severe and protracted disease during an outbreak of E.

Ligand Binding Enhances Millisecond Conformational Exchange in Xylanase B2 from Streptomyces lividans.

Xylanases catalyze the hydrolysis of xylan, an abundant carbon and energy source with important commercial ramifications. Despite tremendous efforts devoted to the catalytic improvement of xylanases, success remains limited because of our relatively poor understanding of their molecular properties. Previous reports suggested the potential role of atomic-scale residue dynamics in modulating the catalytic activity of GH11 xylanases; however, dynamics in these studies was probed on time scales orders of magnitude faster than the catalytic time frame.

Antimicrobial Consumption in Medicated Feeds in Vietnamese Pig and Poultry Production.

Antimicrobials are extensively used as growth promoters in animal feeds worldwide, but reliable estimates are lacking. We conducted an internet-based survey of commercial chicken and pig feed products officially approved for sale in Vietnam over the period March-June 2015. Information on the antimicrobial contents in feed products, alongside animal production data, was used to estimate in-feed antimicrobial consumption to produce one kilogram of live animal (chicken, pig), as well as to estimate country-wide antimicrobial consumption through animal feeds.