Tracking antibiotic resistance through the environment near a biosolid spreading ground: Resistome changes, distribution, and metal(loid) co-selection.

The application of urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) products to agricultural lands has contributed to the rising level of antibiotic resistance and drawn a critical public health concern. It has not been thoroughly investigated at which spatial scales a biosolid applied area as a potentially predominant source affects surrounding soil resistomes. This study investigated distribution and impact of WWTP biosolids treated with anaerobic digestion on an agricultural area.

Influence of soil characteristics and metal(loid)s on antibiotic resistance genes in green stormwater infrastructure in Southern California.

The synergetic effects of metal(loid)s and soil characteristics on bacterial antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) has been relatively understudied. Surface soil samples from six GSIs in Southern California over three time periods were assessed for selected ARGs, class 1 integron-integrase genes (intI1), 16S rRNA genes, and bioavailable and total concentrations of nine metal(loid)s, to investigate the relationships among ARGs, soil characteristics, and co-occurring metal(loid)s. Significant correlations existed among relative gene abundances (sul1, sul2, tetW, and intI1), total metal(loid)s (arsenic, copper, lead, vanadium, and zinc), and bioavailable metal(loid) (arsenic) (r = 0.

Tailored transgene expression to specific cell types in the central nervous system after peripheral injection with AAV9.

The capacity of certain adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to cross the blood-brain barrier after intravenous delivery offers a unique opportunity for noninvasive brain delivery. However, without a well-tailored system, the use of a peripheral route injection may lead to undesirable transgene expression in nontarget cells or organs. To refine this approach, the present study characterizes the transduction profiles of new self-complementary AAV9 (scAAV9) expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) either under an astrocyte (glial fibrillary acidic (GFA) protein) or neuronal (Synapsin (Syn)) promoter, after intravenous injection of adult mice (2 × 10 vg/kg).