The potential regulation of the miR-17-92a cluster by miR-21.

MicroRNAs (miRNA,miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that are ubiquitously expressed in all mammalian cells. Their primary function is the regulation of nascent RNA transcripts by direct binding to regions on the target. There is now exciting data to suggest that these miRNAs can bind to other miRNAs, and this may have a broader impact on gene regulation in disease states.

Trends in head and neck cancer incidence in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam between 1996 and 2015.

Introduction: This study provides an analysis of head and neck cancer (HNC) cases over a 20-year period in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It aims to shed light on HNC's characteristics and trends in this highly populated urban region.

Methods: The analysis encompasses 8974 HNC cases, emphasising incidence rates, gender distribution, and the prevalence of different subtypes, including oral cavity, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal, and laryngeal/pharyngeal cancers.

Aberrant SWI/SNF Complex Members Are Predominant in Rare Ovarian Malignancies-Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Treatment-Resistant Subtypes.

SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) is the most frequently mutated chromatin-remodelling complex in human malignancy, with over 20% of tumours having a mutation in a SWI/SNF complex member. Mutations in specific SWI/SNF complex members are characteristic of rare chemoresistant ovarian cancer histopathological subtypes. Somatic mutations in , encoding one of the mutually exclusive DNA-binding subunits of SWI/SNF, occur in 42-67% of ovarian clear cell carcinomas (OCCC).

The lncRNA and miRNA regulatory axis in HPV16-positive oropharyngeal cancers.

The global rise of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) associated with the human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 necessitates a deeper understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. Our study utilised RNA-sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify and analyse differentially expressed (DE) long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in HPV16-positive OPC, and to elucidate the interplay within the lncRNA/miRNA/mRNA regulatory network. We revealed 1929 DE lncRNAs and identified a significant expression shift in 37 of these, suggesting a regulatory 'sponge' function for miRNAs that modulate cellular processes.

The Parasite-Derived Peptide, FhHDM-1, Selectively Modulates miRNA Expression in -Cells to Prevent Apoptotic Pathways Induced by Proinflammatory Cytokines.

We have previously identified a parasite-derived peptide, FhHDM-1, that prevented the progression of diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. Disease prevention was mediated by the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway to promote -cell survival and metabolism without inducing proliferation. To determine the molecular mechanisms driving the antidiabetogenic effects of FhHDM-1, miRNA:mRNA interactions and predictions of the gene networks were characterised in -cells, which were exposed to the proinflammatory cytokines that mediate -cell destruction in Type 1 diabetes (T1D), in the presence and absence of FhHDM-1.

Exploring the utility of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers of fasciolosis.

Effective management and control of parasitic infections on farms depends on their early detection. Traditional serological diagnostic methods for Fasciola hepatica infection in livestock are specific and sensitive, but currently the earliest detection of the parasite only occurs at approximately three weeks post-infection. At this timepoint, parasites have already entered the liver and caused the tissue damage and immunopathology that results in reduced body weight and loss in productivity.

The knowns and unknowns of helminth-host miRNA cross-kingdom communication.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that oversee gene modulation. They are integral to cellular functions and can migrate between species, leading to cross-kingdom gene suppression. Recent breakthroughs in helminth genome studies have sparked curiosity about helminth RNA regulators and their ability to regulate genes across species.

Circulating Tumour Cell Associated MicroRNA Profiles Change during Chemoradiation and Are Predictive of Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.

Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) has traditionally been treated with trimodality therapy consisting of neoadjuvant radiation +/- chemotherapy, surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy. There is currently a clinical need for biomarkers to predict treatment response and outcomes, especially during neoadjuvant therapy. Liquid biopsies in the form of circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating nucleic acids in particular microRNAs (miRNA) are novel, the latter also being highly stable and clinically relevant regulators of disease.

miRNA:miRNA Interactions: A Novel Mode of miRNA Regulation and Its Effect On Disease.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known for their role in the post-transcriptional regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA). However, recent evidence has shown that miRNAs are capable of regulating non-coding RNAs, including miRNAs, in what is known as miRNA:miRNA interactions. There are three main models for the interplay between miRNAs.

Stage-specific miRNAs regulate gene expression associated with growth, development and parasite-host interaction during the intra-mammalian migration of the zoonotic helminth parasite Fasciola hepatica.

Background: MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression in organisms ranging from viruses to mammals. There is great relevance in understanding how miRNAs regulate genes involved in the growth, development, and maturation of the many parasitic worms (helminths) that together afflict more than 2 billion people.

Results: Here, we describe the miRNAs expressed by each of the predominant intra-mammalian development stages of Fasciola hepatica, a foodborne flatworm that infects a wide range of mammals worldwide, most importantly humans and their livestock.

The dynamic interactome of microRNAs and the human papillomavirus in head and neck cancers.

The Human Papillomavirus type 16 is a major etiologic factor for a subset of Head and Neck cancers. These cancers of the oropharyngeal region are growing, and it is expected to exceed cervical cancers in the near future. The major oncogenes E6 and E7 mediate many of the early transformation stages targeting p53 and other tumour suppressor genes.

Commandeering the mammalian Ago2 miRNA network: a newly discovered mechanism of helminth immunomodulation.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that contribute to a broad range of biological processes through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Helminths exploit this system to target mammalian gene expression, to modulate the host immune response. Recent discoveries have shed new light on the mechanisms involved.

miRNA interplay: mechanisms and consequences in cancer.

Canonically, microRNAs (miRNAs) control mRNA expression. However, studies have shown that miRNAs are also capable of targeting non-coding RNAs, including long non-coding RNAs and miRNAs. The latter, termed a miRNA:miRNA interaction, is a form of self-regulation.

Fasciola hepatica hijacks host macrophage miRNA machinery to modulate early innate immune responses.

Fasciola hepatica, a global worm parasite of humans and their livestock, regulates host innate immune responses within hours of infection. Host macrophages, essential to the first-line defence mechanisms, are quickly restricted in their ability to initiate a classic protective pro-inflammatory immune response. We found that macrophages from infected animals are enriched with parasite-derived micro(mi)RNAs.

An Evaluation of the miRnome Predicts a Targeted Regulation of Mammalian Innate Immune Responses.

Understanding mechanisms by which parasitic worms (helminths) control their hosts' immune responses is critical to the development of effective new disease interventions. , a global scourge of humans and their livestock, suppresses host innate immune responses within hours of infection, ensuring that host protective responses are quickly incapacitated. This allows the parasite to freely migrate from the intestine, through the liver to ultimately reside in the bile duct, where the parasite establishes a chronic infection that is largely tolerated by the host.

Global miRNA to miRNA Interactions: Impacts for miR-21.

miRNAs inherently alter the cellular environment by regulating target genes. miRNAs may also regulate other miRNAs, with far-reaching influence on miRNA and mRNA expression. We explore this realm of small RNA regulation with a focus on the role of the oncogenic miR-21 and its impact on other miRNA species.

The characterization of extracellular vesicles-derived microRNAs in Thai malaria patients.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been broadly studied in malaria for nearly a decade. These vesicles carry various functional biomolecules including RNA families such as microRNAs (miRNA). These EVs-derived microRNAs have numerous roles in host-parasite interactions and are considered promising biomarkers for disease severity.

Application of salivary noncoding microRNAs for the diagnosis of oral cancers.

Oral cancer is on the rise globally and survival rates, despite improvements in clinical care, have not significantly improved. Early detection followed by immediate intervention is key to improving patient outcomes. The use of biomarkers has changed the diagnostic landscape for many cancers.

qPCR multiplex detection of microRNA and messenger RNA in a single reaction.

Reverse Transcription-Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is one of the standards for analytical measurement of different RNA species in biological models. However, current Reverse Transcription (RT) based priming strategies are unable to synthesize differing RNAs and ncRNAs especially miRNAs, within a single tube. We present a new methodology, referred to as RNAmp, that measures in parallel miRNA and mRNA expression.