HIV impact on mother and child mortality in rural Tanzania.

Child mortality in Tanzania rose from 137 per 1000 in 1992-1996 to 147 per 1000 in 1995-1999. Impact of HIV on child mortality is analyzed in a longitudinal community-based study in Kisesa ward, Mwanza region. HIV data on 4273 mothers from 3 rounds of serologic testing are linked to survival information for 6049 children born between 1994 and 2001, contributing 10,002 person-years of observation and 584 child deaths.

Community effects on the risk of HIV infection in rural Tanzania.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of community characteristics on HIV prevalence and incidence.

Methods: Data from an open cohort study with demographic surveillance, epidemiological surveys, and qualitative research were used to examine the association between individual and community risk factors with HIV prevalence in 1994-5 and incidence between 1994-5 and 1996-7 among men (n=2271) and women (n=2752) living in a rural area in northwest Tanzania. Using subvillages as the unit of analysis, community factors investigated were level of social and economic activity, ratio of bar workers per male population aged 18-59, level of community mobility, and distance to the nearest town.

Sociodemographic context of the AIDS epidemic in a rural area in Tanzania with a focus on people's mobility and marriage.

This analysis focuses on how sociocultural and economic characteristics of a poor semi-urban and rural population (Kisesa ward) in north west Tanzania may directly and indirectly affect the epidemiology of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STI). Poverty and sociocultural changes may contribute to the observed high levels of marital instability and high levels of short and long term migration in Kisesa, especially among younger adults. Marriage and migration patterns are important underlying factors affecting the spread of HIV.

The impact of HIV/AIDS on mortality and household mobility in rural Tanzania.

Objective: To assess the impact of the AIDS epidemic on mortality and household mobility before and after death.

Design: Open community cohort study with a demographic surveillance system and two sero-epidemiological surveys.

Methods: Ten rounds of demographic surveillance were completed during 1994-1998 in the study area, which has a population of about 20 000 people in a rural ward in north-west Tanzania.

HIV incidence and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses in Tanzania, 1991 through 1996.

Objective: To describe HIV incidence and HIV-associated mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses with access to adequate sexually transmitted diseases (STD) treatment services and moderate exposure to sexual health interventions.

Methods: Follow-up visits at 4-month intervals and home follow-up of those who failed to keep appointments were used to estimate HIV incidence and mortality in a cohort of factory workers and their spouses in Mwanza, Tanzania, during 1991 to 1996.

Results: HIV prevalence at intake was 10.

Spread of HIV infection in a rural area of Tanzania.

Objective: To assess the spread of HIV into rural areas.

Methods: Since 1994 a demographic surveillance system (with 5-monthly rounds) and open adult cohort study have been established in a rural ward in Tanzania. Two sero-surveys of all resident adults aged 15-44 and 15-46 years were conducted in 1994 1995 and 1996-1997 respectively.

Changes in male sexual behaviour in response to the AIDS epidemic: evidence from a cohort study in urban Tanzania.

Objective: To examine changes in sexual behaviour among men in urban Tanzania.

Design: An observational cohort study among factory workers during 1991-1994.

Methods: Data from five follow-up visits with structured questionnaire-guided interviews and biomedical data were analysed to examine trends in sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted disease/HIV among 752 men.

Are some blood transfusions avoidable? A hospital record analysis in Mwanza Region, Tanzania.

Records of 497 patients who received a blood transfusion in Mwanza Region, Tanzania, were analyzed in order to estimate the proportion of avoidable blood transfusions. This was part of a more comprehensive study which aims at the reduction of transfusion-associated HIV transmission. Blood transfusion recipients were divided into the following groups: operated patients (12%), pregnant women (8%), under-fives (62%), children aged 5-14 years (5%) and adults (13%).