Rotavirus vaccine effectiveness stratified by national-level characteristics: an introduction to the 24-country MNSSTER-V Project, 2007-2023.

Background: Rotavirus vaccines are moderately protective against illness in high mortality settings compared with low mortality settings. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) evaluations may clarify our understanding of these disparities, but estimates among key subpopulations and against rare outcomes are not available in many analyses due to sample size. We combined 25 datasets from test-negative design case-control evaluations in 24 countries that enrolled children with medically-attended diarrhea, laboratory-confirmed rotavirus stool testing, and documented vaccination status.

Intussusception and Other Adverse Event Surveillance after Pilot Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue Provinces-Vietnam, 2017-2021.

Rotavin-M1 (POLYVAC) was licensed in Vietnam in 2012. The association of Rotavin-M1 with intussusception, a rare adverse event associated with rotavirus vaccines, and with adverse events following immunization (AEFI) have not been evaluated and monitored under conditions of routine use. From February 2017 to May 2021, we conducted a pilot introduction of Rotavin-M1 into the routine vaccination program in two provinces.

Prevalence and Characterization of Gastroenteritis Viruses among Hospitalized Children during a Pilot Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Vietnam.

Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are the most common viral causes of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the prevalence of these viruses in hospitalized children under five years old in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam during the pilot introduction of the RV vaccine, Rotavin-M1 (POLYVAC, Hanoi, Vietnam). We randomly selected 2317/6718 (34%) acute diarrheal samples from children <5 years of age enrolled at seven sentinel hospitals from December 2016 to May 2021; this period included one year surveillance pre-vaccination from December 2016 to November 2017.

Impact and effectiveness of Rotavin-M1 under conditions of routine use in two provinces in Vietnam, 2016-2021, an observational and case-control study.

Background: Half of diarrhea hospitalizations in children aged <5 years in Vietnam are due to rotavirus. Following introduction of a locally developed and licensed oral rotavirus vaccine, Rotavin-M1, into the routine immunization program in two Vietnamese provinces, Nam Dinh and TT Hue, we describe changes in rotavirus positivity among children hospitalized for diarrhea and calculate vaccine effectiveness against moderate-to-severe rotavirus hospitalizations.

Methods: Active rotavirus surveillance among children <5 years began in December 2016 at sentinel hospitals in districts where rotavirus vaccine was introduced in December 2017.

Prevalence and risk factors for human papillomavirus infection among female sex workers in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer due to their high number of sexual partners. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of HPV and identify risk factors for high-risk HPV infection among FSWs in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hanoi and HCMC between December 2017 and May 2018.

Spatiotemporal variation in risk of Shigella infection in childhood: a global risk mapping and prediction model using individual participant data.

Background: Diarrhoeal disease is a leading cause of childhood illness and death globally, and Shigella is a major aetiological contributor for which a vaccine might soon be available. The primary objective of this study was to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and map its predicted prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Methods: Individual participant data for Shigella positivity in stool samples were sourced from multiple LMIC-based studies of children aged 59 months or younger.

Prevalence and Determinants of Vaginal Infection With Human Papillomavirus Among Female University Students in Vietnam.

Background/aim: Cervical cancer is the second most common malignancy among women in Vietnam, but the country is yet to introduce a national human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine programme targeted at adolescents. We determined HPV prevalence and HPV vaccine knowledge among female university students in Vietnam.

Patients And Methods: We surveyed and screened 1,491 female university students in Hanoi, Hue, and Ho Chi Minh City for their sexual behaviours, HPV knowledge and low- and high-risk HPV infection.

Anal human papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors among men who have sex with men in Vietnam.

Objectives: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, while published data are scarce. This study determined HPV prevalence and risk factors in MSM in Vietnam to inform HPV prevention strategies in this key population.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 799 MSM aged 16-50 years was conducted in Vietnam in 2017-2018.

A theoretical design of bipolar host materials for blue phosphorescent OLED.

A series of host molecules have been designed and characterized for use in phosphorescent organic light-emitting diode devices. The parent host molecule was modified by adding nitrogen-containing group at different positions. The first triplet excited (T) and first singlet excited (S) states energies, frontier orbital energy levels, reorganization energies and injection barriers of the molecules designed were calculated in comparison to those of the reference host, emitter, hole and electron transport materials.

Factors associated with antenatal depression among pregnant women in Vietnam: A multisite cross-sectional survey.

This study aimed to describe the status of antenatal depression and its associated factors among pregnant women in Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four obstetric hospitals in Vietnam from January to September 2019. A total of 1260 pregnant women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire.

Antioxidation of 2-phenylbenzofuran derivatives: structural-electronic effects and mechanisms.

Stilbenoid-type 2-phenylbenzofuran derivatives, which are widely distributed in nature, are now promising antioxidant agents. In the present study, a quantum computational approach principally based on the DFT/B3LYP method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used to shed light on free radical scavenging for the isolated compounds stemofurans A-K and S-W. On the basis of the findings and from a thermodynamic perspective, the antioxidant activity of all studied compounds in the gaseous phase was mostly controlled by the O-H bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE), consistent with the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism.

Emotional quality-of-life and patient-reported limitation in sports participation in children with uncorrected congenital and acquired heart disease in healthcare-restricted settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Background: Little is known about emotional quality-of-life in paediatric heart disease in low- and middle-income countries where the prevalence of uncorrected lesions is high. Research on emotional quality-of-life and its predictors in these settings is key to planning interventions.

Methods: Ten-year retrospective cross-sectional study of children aged 6-17 years with uncorrected congenital or acquired heart disease in 12 low- and middle-income countries was conducted.

Infectious Etiologies of Intussusception Among Children <2 Years Old in 4 Asian Countries.

Background: The etiology of intussusception, the leading cause of bowel obstruction in infants, is unknown in most cases. Adenovirus has been associated with intussusception and slightly increased risk of intussusception with rotavirus vaccination has been found. We conducted a case-control study among children <2 years old in Bangladesh, Nepal, Pakistan, and Vietnam to evaluate infectious etiologies of intussusception before rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Preparing for safety monitoring after rotavirus vaccine introduction - Assessment of baseline epidemiology of intussusception among children <2 years of age in four Asian countries.

Intussusception is the invagination of one segment of the bowel into a distal segment, characterized by symptoms of bloody stool, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Previous studies have found regional differences in incidence but the etiology of most intussusception cases is unknown. Rotavirus vaccines were associated with a slightly of increased risk of intussusception in post-licensure evaluations in high- and middle-income countries, but not in low income African countries.

High Protective Efficacy of Probiotics and Rice Bran against Human Norovirus Infection and Diarrhea in Gnotobiotic Pigs.

Probiotics have been recognized as vaccine adjuvants and therapeutic agents to treat acute gastroenteritis in children. We previously showed that rice bran (RB) reduced human rotavirus diarrhea in gnotobiotic pigs. Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the major pathogens causing non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis worldwide.

Association between norovirus and rotavirus infection and histo-blood group antigen types in Vietnamese children.

Norovirus and rotavirus are the two most important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. Both norovirus and rotavirus recognize human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), and multiple binding patterns for HBGAs have been reported. To explore the role of HBGAs in host susceptibility to norovirus and rotavirus, we conducted a cross-sectional study in children hospitalized with diarrhea in northern Vietnam from September 2010 through September 2012.

Incidence and Epidemiology of Intussusception among Infants in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Objective: To evaluate rates of intussusception hospitalization among infants in Vietnam before the introduction of rotavirus vaccine.

Study Design: Between 2009 and 2011, we identified intussusception hospitalizations among infants using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code K56.1 at 2 large pediatric hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam that treat most of the intussusception cases in the city.

A dose-escalation safety and immunogenicity study of a new live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (Rotavin-M1) in Vietnamese children.

We tested a candidate live, oral, rotavirus vaccine (Rotavin-M1™) derived from an attenuated G1P [8] strain (KH0118-2003) isolated from a child in Vietnam. The vaccine was tested first for safety in 29 healthy adults. When deemed safe, it was further tested for safety and immunogenicity in 160 infants (4 groups) aged 6-12 weeks in a dose and schedule ranging study.

Genetic variation in the VP7 gene of rotavirus G1P[8] strains isolated in Vietnam, 1998-2009.

Group A rotavirus genotype G1P[8] is the most common strain affecting humans around the world over the past few decades. In this study, we examined genetic variation in the VP7 gene of rotavirus G1P[8] strains, detected in children of four major cities of Vietnam during three different rotavirus seasons: 1998-1999, 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in order to assess the evolution of the virus over 11 years. Fecal samples (n=73) from children hospitalized for gastroenteritis caused by G1P[8] rotavirus were analyzed by DNA sequencing of gene 9 encoding the VP7 capsid protein.