Targeting sphingolipid metabolism in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Elevated levels of circulating C16:0 glucosylceramides (GluCer) and increased mRNA expression of UDP-glucose ceramide glycosyltransferase (UGCG), the enzyme responsible for converting ceramides (Cer) to GluCer, represent unfavorable prognostic markers in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting GluCer synthesis, we genetically repressed the UGCG pathway using in vitro models of leukemic B cells, in addition to UGCG pharmacological inhibition with approved drugs such as eliglustat and ibiglustat, both individually and in combination with ibrutinib, assessed in cell models and primary CLL patient cells. Cell viability, apoptosis, and proliferation were evaluated in vitro, and survival and apoptosis were examined ex vivo.

Evaluation of Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine Efficacy and Molecular Markers in Uncomplicated Falciparum Patients: A Study across Binh Phuoc and Dak Nong, Vietnam.

: Malaria continues to be a significant global health challenge. The efficacy of artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) has declined in many parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion, including Vietnam, due to the spread of resistant malaria strains. This study was conducted to assess the efficacy of the Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-Piperaquine (PPQ) regimen in treating uncomplicated malaria and to conduct molecular surveillance of antimalarial drug resistance in Binh Phuoc and Dak Nong provinces.

Efficient implementation of the linear layer of block ciphers with large MDS matrices based on a new lookup table technique.

Block cipher is a cryptographic field that is now widely applied in various domains. Besides its security, deployment issues, implementation costs, and flexibility across different platforms are also crucial in practice. From an efficiency perspective, the linear layer is often the slowest transformation and requires significant implementation costs in block ciphers.

Non-canonical transcriptional regulation of the poor prognostic factor UGT2B17 in chronic lymphocytic leukemic and normal B cells.

Background: High expression of the glycosyltransferase UGT2B17 represents an independent adverse prognostic marker in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). It also constitutes a predictive marker for therapeutic response and a drug resistance mechanism. The key determinants driving expression of the UGT2B17 gene in normal and leukemic B-cells remain undefined.

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Decellularization of Porcine Nerve Matrix for Regenerative Medicine.

Tissue engineering scaffolds are often made from the decellularization of tissues. The decellularization of tissues caused by prolonged contact with aqueous detergents might harm the microstructure and leave cytotoxic residues. In this research, we developed a new technique to use supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO)-based decellularization for porcine nerve tissue.

Untargeted metabolomics identifies metabolic dysregulation of sphingolipids associated with aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and poor survival.

Background: Metabolic dependencies of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells may represent new personalized treatment approaches in patients harbouring unfavourable features.

Methods: Here, we used untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics analyses to isolate metabolomic features associated with aggressive CLL and poor survival outcomes. We initially focused on profiles associated with overexpression of the adverse metabolic marker glycosyltransferase (UGT2B17) associated with poor survival and drug resistance.

Genetic diversity, variation, and structure of two populations of bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana d'Orbigny) in Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands, Vietnam.

Background: Bigfin squid is one of the economically important seafood resources in Vietnam's fisheries and the waters around Con Dao and Phu Quoc islands are two major fishing grounds where this species has been actively exploited. The start codon targeted polymorphism (SCoT) and CAAT box-derived polymorphism (CBDP) techniques were used to generate DNA fingerprinting data to analyze the genetic diversity, variation, and structure of the two populations in the waters surrounding Phu Quoc and Con Dao islands together with mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence data.

Results: Con Dao population possessed a higher diversity [expected heterozygosity (H) = 0.

Self-Organized Phase-Composite Nanocrystal Solids with Superior Charge Transport.

Interparticle electronic coupling is essential for self-assembled colloidal nanocrystal (NC) solid semiconductors to fulfill their wide-tunable electrical and optoelectrical properties, but it has been limited by disorders. Here, a disorder-tolerant coupling approach is presented by synthesizing self-organized NC solids based on amorphous/nanocrystalline phase-composites. The ZnO amorphous matrix, which infills the space between the less regularly ordered ZnO NCs, enables robust electronic coupling between neighboring NCs via the resonant wave function overlap, leading to a disorder-tolerant resonant conducting state.

Zirconium-Based Metal-Organic Framework Capable of Binding Proinflammatory Mediators in Hydrogel Form Promotes Wound Healing Process through a Multiscale Adsorption Mechanism.

The regulation of proinflammatory mediators has been explored to promote natural healing without abnormal inflammation or autoimmune response induced by their overproduction. However, most efforts to control these mediators have relied on pharmacological substances that are directly engaged in biological cycles. It is believed that functional porous materials removing target mediators provide a new way to promote the healing process using their adsorption mechanisms.

Impact of carbon dioxide on the radial growth of fungi isolated from dairy environment.

In dairy industry, filamentous fungi are used as adjunct cultures in fermented products for their technological properties but they could also be responsible for food spoilage and mycotoxin production. The consumer demands about free-preservative products has increased in recent years and lead to develop alternative methods for food preservation. Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) can inhibit fungal growth and therefore increase the food product shelf-life.

Impact of sodium chloride and carbon dioxide on conidial germination and radial growth of Penicillium camemberti.

Penicillium camemberti is a domesticated species adapted to the dairy environment, which is used as adjunct cultures to ripen soft cheeses. A recent population genomics analysis on P. camemberti revealed that P.

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for plasma glucagon.

Glucagon is a peptide involved in controlling the body's blood glucose levels. The majority of analytical methods used for its quantitation are based on immunoassays that suffer from cross-reactivity with other peptides. For accurate routine analysis a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS) was developed.

A Non-Canonical Role for the Glycosyltransferase Enzyme UGT2B17 as a Novel Constituent of the B Cell Receptor Signalosome.

In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an elevated glycosyltransferase UGT2B17 expression (UGT2B17) identifies a subgroup of patients with shorter survival and poor drug response. We uncovered a mechanism, possibly independent of its enzymatic function, characterized by an enhanced expression and signaling of the proximal effectors of the pro-survival B cell receptor (BCR) pathway and elevated Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) phosphorylation in B-CLL cells from UGT2B17 patients. A prominent feature of B-CLL cells is the strong correlation of UGT2B17 expression with the adverse marker ZAP70 encoding a tyrosine kinase that promotes B-CLL cell survival.

Enhancement of Wound Healing Efficacy by Chitosan-based Hydrocolloid on Sprague Dawley Rats.

Background/aim: Chitosan-based functional materials have attracted considerable attention worldwide for applications in wound healing, especially in skin wound healing, due to their efficiency in hemostasis, anti-bacterial, and skin regeneration. Various chitosan-based products have been developed for skin wound healing applications, but most of these face limitations in either efficacy or cost-effectiveness. Therefore, there is a need to develop a unique material that can handle all of these concerns and be utilized for acute and chronic wounds.

Phylogeography as a Proxy for Population Connectivity for Spatial Modeling of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Outbreaks in Vietnam.

Bayesian space-time regression models are helpful tools to describe and predict the distribution of infectious disease outbreaks and to delineate high-risk areas for disease control. In these models, structured and unstructured spatial and temporal effects account for various forms of non-independence amongst case counts across spatial units. Structured spatial effects capture correlations in case counts amongst neighboring provinces arising from shared risk factors or population connectivity.

Informing One Health Anthrax Surveillance and Vaccination Strategy from Spatial Analysis of Anthrax in Humans and Livestock in Ha Giang Province, Vietnam (1999-2020).

Anthrax, caused by Bacillus anthracis, has a nearly global distribution but is understudied in Southeast Asia, including Vietnam. Here, we used historical data from 1999 to 2020 in Ha Giang, a province in northern Vietnam. The objectives were to describe the spatiotemporal patterns and epidemiology of human and livestock anthrax in the province and compare livestock vaccine coverage with human and livestock anthrax incidence.

Complementary combination of biomarkers for diagnosis of sarcopenia in C57BL/6J mice.

Aims: The objective of this study is to provide a reliable strategy for the diagnosis of sarcopenia based on a complementary combination of biomarkers from various approaches.

Material And Methods: A total of 30 C57BL/6J mice were used for the experiment, in which 15 young mice (YM) at 24 weeks old and 15 aged mice (AM) at 88 weeks old. Extracted features-based digital biomarkers from the electromyography activity of tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic analysis.

A Comprehensive Review of Natural Compounds for Wound Healing: Targeting Bioactivity Perspective.

Wound healing is a recovering process of damaged tissues by replacing dysfunctional injured cellular structures. Natural compounds for wound treatment have been widely used for centuries. Numerous published works provided reviews of natural compounds for wound healing applications, which separated the approaches based on different categories such as characteristics, bioactivities, and modes of action.

A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for the quantification of nucleotide sugars in human plasma and urine specimens and its clinical application.

Nucleotide sugars and more specifically UDP-sugars, represent a major source of energy, key components of extracellular matrix, glycosylation and glucuronidation reactions, and emerge as important signaling molecules through P2Y14 purinergic receptor. Despite their pivotal role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes and their potential as biomarkers, UDP-sugar composition of biological fluids remains poorly studied. We developed a liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in multiple reaction monitoring mode for the simultaneous quantification of UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in human blood and urine.

Impact of water activity on the radial growth of fungi in a dairy environment.

Filamentous fungi are used in the dairy industry as adjunct cultures in fermented products, but can also lead to food spoilage, waste and economic losses. The control of filamentous fungi with abiotic factors contributes to longer food shelf life and prevention of fungal spoilage. One of the main abiotic factors for controlling fungal growth in foods is water activity (a).