Impact of the menstrual cycle on commercial prognostic gene signatures in oestrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer.

Purpose: Changes occur in the expression of oestrogen-regulated and proliferation-associated genes in oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumours during the menstrual cycle. We investigated if Oncotype® DX recurrence score (RS), Prosigna® (ROR) and EndoPredict® (EP/EPclin) prognostic tests, which include some of these genes, vary according to the time in the menstrual cycle when they are measured.

Methods: Pairs of test scores were derived from 30 ER-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative tumours sampled at two different points of the menstrual cycle.

A novel nested allele-specific PCR protocol for the detection of the HLA-A*33:03, a SCAR-associated allele, in Vietnamese people.

Background: Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs) are rare but deadly drug reactions with severe damages to patients. One of the most well-known SCARs risk factors is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes polymorphism. Among the HLA polymorphic alleles, the HLA-A*33:03 allele has been found in association with SCARs induced by various drugs, especially in Asian people.

A Novel Allele-Specific PCR Protocol for the Detection of the Allele, a Pharmacogenetic Marker, in Vietnamese Kinh People.

Background: Allopurinol, a common anti-hyperuricemia drug, is well known as an inducer of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions (SCARs). One of the most well-defined risk factors of allopurinol-induced SCARs is the presence of polymorphic alleles of human leukocyte antigen () genes, such as and alleles. There is no commercial test or published in-house protocol for the specific detection of the allele.

Menstrual cycle associated changes in hormone-related gene expression in oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer.

The major changes in hormone levels that occur through the menstrual cycle have been postulated to affect the expression of hormone-regulated and proliferation-associated genes (PAGs) in premenopausal ER+ breast cancer. Whilst previous studies have demonstrated differences in gene expression, here, we investigated if there are within patient changes in the expression of oestrogen- and progesterone-regulated genes (ERGs and PRGs) and PAGs in ER+ breast cancer during the menstrual cycle. Samples from 96 patients in two independent prospective studies of the effect of menstrual cycle on ER+ breast cancer were used.

Ultraviolet Weathering Performance of High-Density Polyethylene/Wood-Flour Composites with a Basalt-Fiber-Included Shell.

In this study, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)/wood-flour composites with a basalt fiber (BF)-reinforced shell were prepared by coextrusion. After exposing these composites to ultraviolet weathering for 2000 h, their performances were examined from their measurements of color, surface morphology, and chemical properties. As a control, UV326 was also added to the shell formula.

Molecular changes in premenopausal oestrogen receptor-positive primary breast cancer in Vietnamese women after oophorectomy.

For premenopausal women with primary ER + breast cancer, oophorectomy (OvX) is an evidence-based cost-effective option and is standard treatment in many countries. However, there is virtually no data describing the effects of OvX on breast tumour biology. We therefore, characterised the endocrine and genome-wide transcriptional impact of OvX in 56 premenopausal women with ER + breast cancer for 2 weeks prior to mastectomy.

Timing of adjuvant surgical oophorectomy in the menstrual cycle and disease-free and overall survival in premenopausal women with operable breast cancer.

Background: For women with hormone receptor-positive, operable breast cancer, surgical oophorectomy plus tamoxifen is an effective adjuvant therapy. We conducted a phase III randomized clinical trial to test the hypothesis that oophorectomy surgery performed during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle was associated with better outcomes.

Methods: Seven hundred forty premenopausal women entered a clinical trial in which those women estimated not to be in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle for the next one to six days (n = 509) were randomly assigned to receive treatment with surgical oophorectomy either delayed to be during a five-day window in the history-estimated midluteal phase of the menstrual cycles, or in the next one to six days.

Bone mineral density following surgical oophorectomy and tamoxifen adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.

Background: In premenopausal women treated for breast cancer, loss of bone mineral density (BMD) follows from menopause induced by chemotherapy or loss of ovarian function biochemically or by surgical oophorectomy. The impact on BMD of surgical oophorectomy plus tamoxifen therapy has not been described.

Methods: In 270 Filipino and Vietnamese premenopausal patients participating in a clinical trial assessing the impact of the timing in the menstrual cycle of adjuvant surgical oophorectomy on breast cancer outcomes, BMD was measured at the lumbar spine and femoral neck before this treatment, and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgical and tamoxifen therapies.

CYP2D6 genotypes, endoxifen levels, and disease recurrence in 224 Filipino and Vietnamese women receiving adjuvant tamoxifen for operable breast cancer.

Background: While tamoxifen activity is mainly due to endoxifen and the concentration of this active metabolite is, in part, controlled by CYP2D6 metabolic status, clinical correlative studies have produced mixed results.

Findings: In an exploratory study, we determined the CYP2D6 metabolic status and plasma concentrations of endoxifen among 224 Filipino and Vietnamese women participating in a clinical trial of adjuvant hormonal therapy for operable breast cancer. We further conducted a nested-case-control study among 48 women (half with recurrent disease, half without) investigating the relationship of endoxifen concentrations and recurrence of disease.

Survival after adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen in operable breast cancer in premenopausal women.

Purpose: Worldwide, approximately 750,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed annually in premenopausal women with limited economic resources. Longer-term survival benefits from adjuvant therapies in such women with operable breast cancer are unknown.

Patients And Methods: From 1993 to 1999, we recruited 709 premenopausal women with operable breast cancer to a multisite randomized clinical trial of adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen for 5 years or observation and this combined hormonal therapy on recurrence.

Oophorectomy and tamoxifen adjuvant therapy in premenopausal Vietnamese and Chinese women with operable breast cancer.

Purpose: In 1992, the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group reported that a meta-analysis of six randomized trials in European and North American women begun from 1948 to 1972 demonstrated disease-free and overall survival benefit from adjuvant ovarian ablation. Approximately 350,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed annually in premenopausal Asian women who have lower levels of estrogen than western women.

Patients And Methods: From 1993 to 1999, we recruited 709 premenopausal women with operable breast cancer (652 from Vietnam, 47 from China) to a randomized clinical trial of adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen (20 mg orally every day) for 5 years or observation and this combined hormonal treatment on recurrence.

Mastectomy and oophorectomy by menstrual cycle phase in women with operable breast cancer.

Background: It is unclear whether the phase of the menstrual cycle in which primary surgical treatment occurs influences disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in premenopausal women with breast cancer. We investigated this question in the context of a clinical trial comparing mastectomy alone with mastectomy plus adjuvant oophorectomy and tamoxifen in premenopausal women with operable breast cancer.

Methods: The date of the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP) was used to estimate the phase of the menstrual cycle when the surgeries were done.

Young age as an adverse prognostic factor in premenopausal women with operable breast cancer.

Data regarding young age as an independent prognostic factor have been conflicting. We investigated this variable in 696 premenopausal Vietnamese and Chinese women with operable breast cancer who participated in a clinical trial of adjuvant surgical oophorectomy and tamoxifen. Tumor size and axillary lymph node status did not vary with age.