PANoptosis in autoimmune diseases interplay between apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis.

PANoptosis is a newly identified inflammatory programmed cell death (PCD) that involves the interplay of apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. However, its overall biological effects cannot be attributed to any one type of PCD alone. PANoptosis is regulated by a signaling cascade triggered by the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) by various sensors.