Substitution of acidic residues near the catalytic Glu131 leads to human HYAL1 activity at neutral pH via charge-charge interactions.

Human hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) and PH20 play vital roles in degrading hyaluronic acids through the substrate-assisted double displacement mechanism. While HYAL1, a lysosomal enzyme, functions optimally under acidic conditions, PH20, a sperm surface hyaluronidase, displays a broader pH range, from acidic to neutral. Our objective was to extend HYAL1's pH range towards neutral pH by introducing repulsive charge-charge interactions involving the catalytic Glu131, increasing its pKa as the proton donor.

Recombinant Calreticulin Binds Complement Proteins but Does Not Protect from Complement Killing.

is a blood-feeding obligate ectoparasite responsible for transmitting the Lyme disease (LD) agent, . During the feeding process, injects into the host along with its saliva, facilitating the transmission and colonization of the LD agent. Tick calreticulin (CRT) is one of the earliest tick saliva proteins identified and is currently utilized as a biomarker for tick bites.

A tick saliva serpin, IxsS17 inhibits host innate immune system proteases and enhances host colonization by Lyme disease agent.

Lyme disease (LD) caused by Borrelia burgdorferi is among the most important human vector borne diseases for which there is no effective prevention method. Identification of tick saliva transmission factors of the LD agent is needed before the highly advocated tick antigen-based vaccine could be developed. We previously reported the highly conserved Ixodes scapularis (Ixs) tick saliva serpin (S) 17 (IxsS17) was highly secreted by B.

ZIKV Inhibitors Based on Pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridazine-7-one Core: Rational Design, Evaluation, and Theoretical Studies.

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is believed to cause birth defects, and no anti-ZIKV drugs have been approved by medical organizations to date. Starting from antimicrobial lead compounds with a pyrazolo[3,4-]pyridazine-7-one scaffold, we synthesized 16 derivatives and screened their ability to interfere with ZIKV infection utilizing a cell-based phenotypic assay. Of these, five compounds showed significant inhibition of ZIKV with a selective index value greater than 4.

Tick extracellular vesicles undermine epidermal wound healing during hematophagy.

Wound healing has been extensively studied through the lens of inflammatory disorders and cancer, but limited attention has been given to hematophagy and arthropod-borne diseases. Hematophagous ectoparasites, including ticks, subvert the wound healing response to maintain prolonged attachment and facilitate blood-feeding. Here, we unveil a strategy by which extracellular vesicles (EVs) ensure blood-feeding and arthropod survival in three medically relevant tick species.

nymph saliva protein blocks host inflammation and complement-mediated killing of Lyme disease agent, .

Tick serine protease inhibitors (serpins) play crucial roles in tick feeding and pathogen transmission. We demonstrate that Ixodes scapularis (Ixs) nymph tick saliva serpin (S) 41 (IxsS41), secreted by Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb)-infected ticks at high abundance, is involved in regulating tick evasion of host innate immunity and promoting host colonization by Bb. Recombinant (r) proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris, and substrate hydrolysis assays were used to determine.

A new species of (Malvaceae) from Vietnam.

A new species of from Vietnam - - is described, illustrated, and compared with the similar . differs from by the length of the petiole (7.0-9.

Spherical Body Protein 4 from : A Novel Gene That Contains Conserved B-Cell Epitopes and Induces Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies in .

Bovine babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease caused by intraerythrocytic protozoan parasites of the genus . Its main causative agents in the Americas are and while affects cattle in Asia. All species secrete proteins stored in organelles of the apical complex, which are involved in all steps of the invasion process of vertebrate host cells.

Dependence between Chinese stock market and Vietnamese stock market during the Covid-19 pandemic.

The study aims to investigate the tail dependence between Chinese stock market and Vietnamese stock market in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Using the data on the Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange (VNI) and the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSEC) representing for Vietnam and China stock markets, the study reveals the tail dependence across three periods including: pre-pandemic, during the chaos of the pandemic, and the period of adaptation to the pandemic. Using the copula method including Normal, Clayton, Plackett, Frank, Student, Symmetrised Joe-Clayton copulas, the research results confirm that there is no dependent relationship between the stock market between the two countries in the pre-pandemic.

Combination of in vivo phage therapy data with in silico model highlights key parameters for pneumonia treatment efficacy.

The clinical (re)development of bacteriophage (phage) therapy to treat antibiotic-resistant infections faces the challenge of understanding the dynamics of phage-bacteria interactions in the in vivo context. Here, we develop a general strategy coupling in vitro and in vivo experiments with a mathematical model to characterize the interplay between phage and bacteria during pneumonia induced by a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli. The model allows the estimation of several key parameters for phage therapeutic efficacy.

A new deep learning approach based on bilateral semantic segmentation models for sustainable estuarine wetland ecosystem management.

Nowadays, estuarial areas have been strongly affected by the construction of electrical power dams from upstream, downstream urbanization and many types of hazards along the coastal regions. It has resulted in significant changes in estuarine wetland ecosystems between rainy and dry seasons. To avoid estuary vulnerability, monitoring and evaluation of the estuarine ecosystems are very critical tasks.

A low-cost approach for soil moisture prediction using multi-sensor data and machine learning algorithm.

A high-resolution soil moisture prediction method has recently gained its importance in various fields such as forestry, agricultural and land management. However, accurate, robust and non- cost prohibitive spatially monitoring of soil moisture is challenging. In this research, a new approach involving the use of advance machine learning (ML) models, and multi-sensor data fusion including Sentinel-1(S1) C-band dual polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR), Sentinel-2 (S2) multispectral data, and ALOS Global Digital Surface Model (ALOS DSM) to predict precisely soil moisture at 10 m spatial resolution across research areas in Australia.

Mutations in Vietnamese Patients with Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome.

(1) Background: Individuals with gene mutations are at increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer. The prevalence of mutations varies by race and ethnicity, and the prevalence and the risks associated with most mutations has not been unknown in the Vietnamese population. We herein screen the entire and genes for breast and ovarian cancer patients with a family history of breast cancer and ovarian cancer, thereby, suggesting a risk score associated with carrier status and history for aiding personalized treatment; (2) Methods: Between December 2017 and December 2019, Vietnamese patients who had a pathological diagnosis of breast and epithelial ovarian cancer were followed up, prospectively, after treatment from two large institutions in Vietnam.

Decades of emerging infectious disease, food safety, and antimicrobial resistance response in Vietnam: The role of One Health.

Since facing outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and avian influenza A in 2003, Vietnam has increasingly applied a One Health approach to address emerging infectious diseases of animal origin. Here, we reflect on the challenges and opportunities of One Health in the context of zoonoses, food safety, and antimicrobial resistance, drawing on a stocktake of One Health training, policy, and research in Vietnam. We also report on the results of a virtual consultation workshop held on July 2021 with representatives from 32 institutions in Vietnam to explore future One Health directions.

Essential roles of buried phenylalanine in the structural stability of thioredoxin from a psychrophilic Arctic bacterium Sphingomonas sp.

Thioredoxin (Trx), a small redox protein, exhibits thermal stability at high temperatures regardless of its origin, including psychrophiles. Trxs have a common structure consisting of the central β-sheet flanked by an aliphatic cluster on one side and an aromatic cluster on the other side. Although the roles of aromatic amino acids in the folding and stability of proteins have been studied extensively, the contributions of aromatic residues to the stability and function of Trx, particularly Trxs from cold-adapted organisms, have not been fully elucidated.

A novel intelligence approach based active and ensemble learning for agricultural soil organic carbon prediction using multispectral and SAR data fusion.

Monitoring agricultural soil organic carbon (SOC) has played an essential role in sustainable agricultural management. Precise and robust prediction of SOC greatly contributes to carbon neutrality in the agricultural industry. To create more knowledge regarding the ability of remote sensing to monitor carbon soil, this research devises a state-of-the-art low cost machine learning model for quantifying agricultural soil carbon using active and ensemble-based decision tree learning combined with multi-sensor data fusion at a national and world scale.

Finding optimal design in nonlinear mixed effect models using multiplicative algorithms.

Background And Objectives: To optimize designs for longitudinal studies analyzed by nonlinear mixed effect models (NLMEMs), the Fisher information matrix (FIM) can be used. In this work, we focused on the multiplicative algorithms, previously applied in standard individual regression, to find optimal designs for NLMEMs.

Methods: We extended multiplicative algorithms to mixed models and implemented the algorithm both in R and in C.

A dataset of factors influencing intentions for organic farming in Vietnam.

This paper presents a survey dataset on factors influencing farmers' intention to produce organic farming in Hanoi, Vietnam. The survey was designed based on the theoretical integration model of theory of planned behavior (TPB) and norm activation model (NAM) including 7 factors, 33 items inherited from previous studies to collect information of the respondents and 5 other items used to find out the respondent's characteristic include: gender, age, educational qualification, farming experience and farming annual income. Questionnaires were sent directly to farmers at their home or farm in October 2019.

Integrated methods and scenarios for assessment of sand dunes ecosystem services.

Anthropogenic and natural ecosystems in coastal dunes provide considerable benefits to human well-being. However, to date, we still lack a good understanding of how ecosystem services (ES) supply varies from young dunes (e.g.

Temporal dynamics of the fecal microbiota in veal calves in a 6-month field trial.

Background: Little is known about maturation of calves' gut microbiome in veal farms, in which animals are confined under intensive-farming conditions and the administration of collective antibiotic treatment in feed is common. We conducted a field study on 45 calves starting seven days after their arrival in three veal farms. We collected monthly fecal samples over six months and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and quantitative PCR of Escherichia coli to follow the dynamics of their microbiota, including that of their commensal E.