Application of deep learning in wound size measurement using fingernail as the reference.

Objective: Most current wound size measurement devices or applications require manual wound tracing and reference markers. Chronic wound care usually relies on patients or caregivers who might have difficulties using these devices. Considering a more human-centered design, we propose an automatic wound size measurement system by combining three deep learning (DL) models and using fingernails as a reference.

Genotype II Live-Attenuated ASFV Vaccine Strains Unable to Completely Protect Pigs against the Emerging Recombinant ASFV Genotype I/II Strain in Vietnam.

: African swine fever virus (ASFV) continues to spread globally, causing severe economic losses to pig farmers. Vietnam licensed two live attenuated vaccines based on the ASFV strains ASFV-G-ΔI177L and ASFV-G-ΔMGF to control the ongoing ASF outbreaks. In 2023, newly emerging highly virulent recombinant ASF viruses (rASFV I/II) containing genetic elements from both p72 genotype I and II ASF viruses were reported from Northern Vietnam.

Assessing the complexation of dissolved organic matter with heavy metals (Cu, Pb) in leachate from an old Japanese landfill site using fluorescence quenching.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachate impacts the toxicity, bioavailability, and migration of heavy metals. The present study investigated the complexation of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) with DOM from two landfill leachate samples, representing an old landfill site containing incineration residues and incombustible waste. The logarithms of the stability constant (log K) and percentage of complexed fluorophores were calculated using both the Ryan-Weber non-linear model and the modified Stern-Volmer model, yielding good agreement.

Exploring relationships among landfill leachate parameters through multivariate analysis for monitoring purposes.

Elucidating the properties of landfill leachate and the relationships among leachate parameters is crucial for efforts to determine appropriate landfill leachate monitoring activity and management strategies. This study investigated the physical, chemical and optical parameters of leachate in an old Japanese landfill over a 13-month period. The parameters were explored based on their relationships with the maximum fluorescence () of three components (microbial humic-like C1, terrestrial humic-like C2 and protein-like C3) deconvoluted from excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis.

Characterization and spatiotemporal variations of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in leachate from old landfill-derived incineration residues and incombustible waste.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) influences the bioavailability and behavior of trace metals and other pollutants in landfill leachate. This research characterized fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in leachate from an old landfill in Japan during a 13-month investigation. We employed excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to deconvolute the FDOM complex mixture into three fluorophores: microbial humic-like (C1), terrestrial humic-like (C2), and tryptophan-like fluorophores (C3).

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices on Reproductive Health Among Abortion Adolescents in Vietnam.

Background: Adolescent pregnancy is a global issue. The majority of these adolescents experience unintended pregnancy ending in abortion. Knowledge gaps and misconceptions about reproductive health are the main reasons for unintended pregnancy among adolescents.

Safety assessment, radioiodination and preclinical evaluation of antinuclear antibody as novel medication for prostate cancer in mouse xenograft model.

This study aims to provide in vitro and in vivo data to support the utilization of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) as novel tools for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancers. The hematological, biochemical, and histological toxicities of ANAs were assessed at the doses of 5 and 50 μg per mouse. Radiolabeling study was then conducted with ANA and I using the chloramine T method, and the biodistribution and treatment efficacy were subsequently investigated in a PC3 xenograft model.

Relationships of BRAF V600E Gene Mutation With Some Immunohistochemical Markers and Recurrence Rate in Patients With Thyroid Carcinoma.

Background: The B-type rafkinase (BRAF) V600E gene mutation plays an important role in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prognosis of thyroid carcinoma. This study was conducted to investigate the rate of the BRAF V600E mutation, the relationships between the BRAF V600E gene mutation and some immunohistochemical markers, and recurrence rate in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer.

Method: The study was conducted by a descriptive and longitudinal follow-up method on 102 thyroid carcinoma patients at 103 Military Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Predicting Antibiotic Resistance in ICUs Patients by Applying Machine Learning in Vietnam.

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are used extensively in HICs to detect and control antibiotic resistance (AMR) in laboratories and clinical institutions. ML is designed to predict outcome variables using an algorithm to enable "machines" to learn the "rules" from the data. ML is increasingly being applied in intensive care units to identify AMR and to assist empiric antibiotic therapy.

Rise in alanine aminotransferase after HCV treatment is a highly sensitive screen for treatment failure.

Nucleic acid testing to confirm sustained virological response (SVR) after HCV therapy is technical, often expensive, and frequently unavailable where disease prevalence is highest. Alternative surrogate biomarkers merit evaluation. In a short-treatment trial in Vietnam (SEARCH-1; n = 52) we analysed how changes in alanine transaminase (ΔALT) and aspartate transaminase (ΔAST), from end of treatment (EOT) to EOT + 12 weeks, related to SVR, defined as HCV RNA < lower limit of quantification 12 weeks after EOT.

Dual-targeting exosomes for improved drug delivery in breast cancer.

The authors investigated whether displaying more than one homing peptide enhanced the tumor-targeting efficiency of exosomes. Exosomes from human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293F) were engineered to display either mono- or dual-tumor-penetrating peptides, iRGD and tLyp1. Exosomes were purified via tangential flow filtration followed by ultracentrifugation.

Efficacy of ultra-short, response-guided sofosbuvir and daclatasvir therapy for hepatitis C in a single-arm mechanistic pilot study.

Background: World Health Organization has called for research into predictive factors for selecting persons who could be successfully treated with shorter durations of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy for hepatitis C. We evaluated early virological response as a means of shortening treatment and explored host, viral and pharmacokinetic contributors to treatment outcome.

Methods: Duration of sofosbuvir and daclatasvir (SOF/DCV) was determined according to day 2 (D2) virologic response for HCV genotype (gt) 1- or 6-infected adults in Vietnam with mild liver disease.

Genetic landscape and personalized tracking of tumor mutations in Vietnamese women with breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in Vietnamese women, but its mutational landscape and actionable alterations for targeted therapies remain unknown. After treatment, a sensitive biomarker to complement conventional imaging to monitor patients is also lacking. In this prospective multi-center study, 134 early-stage breast cancer patients eligible for curative-intent surgery were recruited.

Monitoring riverine traffic from space: The untapped potential of remote sensing for measuring human footprint on inland waterways.

Mass urbanisation and intensive agricultural development across river deltas have driven ecosystem degradation, impacting deltaic socio-ecological systems and reducing their resilience to climate change. Assessments of the drivers of these changes have so far been focused on human activity on the subaerial delta plains. However, the fragile nature of deltaic ecosystems and the need for biodiversity conservation on a global scale require more accurate quantification of the footprint of anthropogenic activity across delta waterways.

UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Dereplication to Identify Chemical Constituents of Leaves in Vietnam.

has been reported to contain a wide range of metabolites and produce many pharmacological effects. This research demonstrates the determination and evaluation of the phytochemical profiling of grown in central Vietnam. Methanolic extract of ivy had been analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS).

IL6 and CCL18 Mediate Cross-talk between VHL-Deficient Kidney Cells and Macrophages during Development of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene function accounts for 70% to 80% of all clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cases, the most prevalent form of RCC. Accumulating evidence has indicated that ccRCC arises from sites of chronic inflammation, yet how ccRCC tumor cells interact with immune components of the microenvironment has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used unbiased proteomic and genomic analyses on components of the tumor microenvironment under different conditions, identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie the cross-talk between VHL-deficient kidney tubule cells and macrophages.

Photoreduction of CO to CH over Efficient Z-Scheme -FeO/g-CN Composites.

A series of composite -FeO/g-CN (denoted as xFeCN with equal 5, 10, 15, and 20 of -FeO percentage in weight) was prepared by calcination and precipitation-impregnation methods. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) characterizations indicated the successful synthesis of Z-scheme FeCN composites. A red shift of the light absorption region was revealed by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS).

From half-metallic to magnetic semiconducting triazine g-CN: computational designs and insight.

We have given, for the first time, physicochemical insight into the electronic structure routes from half-metallic to magnetic semiconducting triazine g-CN. To this end, three material designs have been proposed using density functional calculations. In one design, this half-metal is first made semiconducting hydrogenation, then tailored with B and N atomic species, which gives a new prototype of the antiferromagnetic semiconductor monolayer HCNBN.

Classification of lung sounds using scalogram representation of sound segments and convolutional neural network.

Lung auscultation is one of the most common methods for screening of lung diseases. The increasingly high rate of respiratory diseases leads to the need for robust methods to detect the abnormalities in patients' breathing sounds. Lung sounds analysis stands out as a promising approach to automatic screening of lung diseases, serving as a second opinion for doctors as a stand-alone device for preliminary screening of lung diseases in remote areas.

Endothelial Reprogramming Stimulated by Oncostatin M Promotes Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in -Deficient Kidney Tissue.

Clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent subtype of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and its progression has been linked to chronic inflammation. About 70% of the ccRCC cases are associated with inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau () tumor-suppressor gene. However, it is still not clear how mutations in , encoding the substrate-recognition subunit of an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets the alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor-α (HIFα), can coordinate tissue inflammation and tumorigenesis.

Efficacy of nimotuzumab (hR3) conjugated with I or Y in laryngeal carcinoma xenograft mouse model.

Purpose: The humanized monoclonal antibody hR3, both alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, can be used to treat head and neck cancers. Substantial progress has been made in the development of targeted radioimmunotherapy using iodine-131 (I) and yttrium-90 (Y) radioisotopes in recent years. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of hR3 conjugated with I or Y to inhibit tumor growth in a laryngeal carcinoma xenograft tumor model.

Antibiotic use and prescription and its effects on Enterobacteriaceae in the gut in children with mild respiratory infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A prospective observational outpatient study.

Background And Objectives: Treatment guidelines do not recommend antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections (ARI), except for streptococcal pharyngitis/tonsillitis and pneumonia. However, antibiotics are prescribed frequently for children with ARI, often in absence of evidence for bacterial infection. The objectives of this study were 1) to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions for mild ARI in paediatric outpatients in relation to available guidelines and detected pathogens, 2) to assess antibiotic use on presentation using questionnaires and detection in urine 3) to assess the carriage rates and proportions of resistant intestinal Enterobacteriaceae before, during and after consultation.