[Ketamine: a neuropsychotropic drug with an innovative mechanism of action].

Ketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate-glutamate receptor (R-NMDA), has a rapid (from 24 h post-dose) and prolonged (up to one week) antidepressant effect in treatment resistant depression and in rodent models of anxiety/depression. Arguments regarding its cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant activity mainly come from animal studies. However, debates still persist on the structural remodeling of frontocortical/hippocampal neurons and the role of excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters involved in its behavioral effect.

Intranasal (R, S)-ketamine delivery induces sustained antidepressant effects associated with changes in cortical balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic activity.

In 2019, an intranasal (IN) spray of esketamine SPRAVATO® was approved as a fast-acting antidepressant by drug Agencies US FDA and European EMA. At sub-anesthetic doses, (±)-ketamine, a non-competitive glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, increases the overall excitability of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), an effect being essential for its rapid antidepressant activity. We wondered if this effect of ketamine could come from changes in the balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) in the mPFC.

CYP 450 enzymes influence (R,S)-ketamine brain delivery and its antidepressant activity.

Esketamine, the S-stereoisomer of (R,S)-ketamine was recently approved by drug agencies (FDA, EMA), as an antidepressant drug with a new mechanism of action. (R,S)-ketamine is a N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) antagonist putatively acting on GABAergic inhibitory synapses to increase excitatory synaptic glutamatergic neurotransmission. Unlike monoamine-based antidepressants, (R,S)-ketamine exhibits rapid and persistent antidepressant activity at subanesthetic doses in preclinical rodent models and in treatment-resistant depressed patients.

Effectiveness of photocatalysis of MMT-supported TiO and TiO nanotubes for rhodamine B degradation.

The aim of this paper is to synthesize montmorillonite/TiO-nanoparticles (MMT/TiO and montmorillonite/TiO-nanotubes (MMT/TiO) photocatalysts through a simple wet agitation method based on TiO nanoparticles and MMT. They are likely to accumulate the effect of adsorption and photodegradation. Then, the photocatalysts are applied to degrade the rhodamine B in dye effluents.

Synergistic Influences of Stearic Acid Coating and Recycled PET Microfibers on the Enhanced Properties of Composite Materials.

This study aims to produce novel composite artificial marble materials by bulk molding compound processes, and improve their thermal and mechanical properties. We employed stearic acid as an efficient surface modifying agent for CaCO particles, and for the first time, a pretreated, recycled, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers mat is used to reinforce the artificial marble materials. The innovative aspects of the study are the surface treatment of CaCO particles by stearic acid.

Cortical and raphe GABA, AMPA receptors and glial GLT-1 glutamate transporter contribute to the sustained antidepressant activity of ketamine.

At sub-anaesthetic doses, ketamine, a non competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, has demonstrated remarkable and rapid antidepressant (AD) efficacy in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). However, its mechanism of action of ketamine is not fully understood. Since comorbid depression and anxiety disorders often occur, GABAergic/inhibitory and glutamatergic/excitatory drug treatments may be co-administered in these patients.

Alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal syndrome in Vietnamese hospitalized patients.

Aims: To identify the extent to which patients admitted to a general hospital in Vietnam meet the criteria for risky alcohol drinking, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS), describe problems and behavior of alcohol use such as types and quantity of alcohol drinking in a hospitalized population in Vietnam, and investigate the association among age, disease-related factors, and alcohol consumption with AWS.

Methods: This study was conducted prospectively in 1340 patients admitted to a general hospital. All patients were screened for risky alcohol drinking.