T-Cell Senescence in Human Metabolic Diseases.

Immunosenescence denotes a state of dysregulated immune cell function characterized by a confluence of factors, including arrested cell cycle, telomere shortening, markers of cellular stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, epigenetic reprogramming, and secretion of proinflammatory mediators. This state primarily manifests during the aging process but can also be induced in various pathological conditions, encompassing chronic viral infections, autoimmune diseases, and metabolic disorders. Age-associated immune system alterations extend to innate and adaptive immune cells, with T-cells exhibiting heightened susceptibility to immunosenescence.

Brown fat-specific mitoribosomal function is crucial for preventing cold exposure-induced bone loss.

This study examines the interplay between ambient temperature, brown adipose tissue (BAT) function, and bone metabolism, emphasizing the effects of cold exposure and BAT mitochondrial activity on bone health. Utilizing ovariectomized (OVX) mice to model primary osteoporosis and BAT-specific mitochondrial dysfunction (BKO) mice, we evaluated the impact of housing temperature on bone density, immune modulation in bone marrow, and the protective role of BAT against bone loss. Cold exposure was found to universally reduce bone mass, enhance osteoclastogenesis, and alter bone marrow T-cell populations, implicating the immune system in bone remodeling under cold stress.

Differences in Type 2 Fiber Composition in the Vastus Lateralis and Gluteus Maximus of Patients with Hip Fractures.

Backgruound: Aging leads to sarcopenia, which is characterized by reduced muscle mass and strength. Many factors, including altered muscle protein turnover, diminished neuromuscular function, hormonal changes, systemic inflammation, and the structure and composition of muscle fibers, play a crucial role in age-related muscle decline. This study explored differences in muscle fiber types contributing to overall muscle function decline in aging, focusing on individuals with hip fractures from falls.

Hepatic T-cell senescence and exhaustion are implicated in the progression of fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and mouse model with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Immunosenescence and exhaustion are involved in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic liver diseases, including fatty liver, fibrosis, and cirrhosis, in humans. However, the relationships of the senescence and exhaustion of T cells with insulin resistance-associated liver diseases remain incompletely understood. To better define the relationship of T2D with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, 59 patients (mean age 58.

Metabolite Changes during the Transition from Hyperthyroidism to Euthyroidism in Patients with Graves' Disease.

Backgruound: An excess of thyroid hormones in Graves' disease (GD) has profound effects on systemic energy metabolism that are currently partially understood. In this study, we aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the metabolite changes that occur when patients with GD transition from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism with methimazole treatment.

Methods: Eighteen patients (mean age, 38.

Discovery of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Marine Microorganisms: Optimization of Culture Conditions and Medium Composition.

Various studies showed that the suppression of α-glucosidase activity can impede the glucose absorption in our body, and therefore, it can be used to treat type 2 diabetes. Hence, the compounds with anti-α-glucosidase have gained considerable attention because of their potential application in diabetes treatment. In previous literature studies, these anti-α-glucosidase compounds were extracted from plants and fungus.

Adopting open access in the social sciences and humanities: evidence from a developing nation.

Open Access (OA) publishing, with ambitious movements such as Plan S, is engendering radical changes among academic publishers. Emerging countries need to keep publishing as well as adopt open access to catch up with the changes. Using exclusive data from the Social Sciences & Humanities Peer Awards (SSHPA) database, the study employed both descriptive statistics and a Bayesian linear regression model to examine the journals and publishers in which Vietnamese social scientists published during the period 2008-2019, and the potential of pursuing the OA movement in Vietnam.